A common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised

data model A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities. For instance, a data model may specify that the data element representing a car be co ...

which allows for

data In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted ...

and

information exchange Information exchange or information sharing means that people or other entities pass information from one to another. This could be done electronically or through certain systems. These are terms that can either refer to bidirectional ''informa ...

between different

applications Application may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Application software, computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks ** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a c ...

and

data sources In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted ...

. Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data", and can be seen as a way to "organize data from many sources that are in different formats into a standard structure". A common data model has been described as one of the components of a " strong information system". A standardised common data model has also been described as a typical component of a well designed

agile application An agile application is the result of service-oriented architecture and agile development paradigms. An agile application is distinguished from average applications in that it is a loosely coupled set of services with a decoupled orchestration lay ...

besides a common communication protocol. Providing a single common data model within an organisation is one of the typical tasks of a

data warehouse In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for Business reporting, reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence. DWs are central Repos ...

Examples of common data models

Border crossings

X-trans.eu was a cross-border pilot project between the

Free State of Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

(Germany) and

Upper Austria Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, a ...

with the aim of developing a faster procedure for the application and approval of cross-border large-capacity transports. The portal was based on a common data model that contained all the information required for approval.

Climate data

Th
Climate Data Store Common Data Model
is a common data model set up by the

Copernicus Climate Change Service The Copernicus Climate Change Service (abbreviated as C3S) is one of the six thematic services provided by the European Union's Copernicus Programme. The Copernicus Programme is managed by the European Commission and the C3S is implemented by the E ...

for harmonising essential climate variables from different sources and data providers.

General information technology

Within

service-oriented architecture In software engineering, service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural style that focuses on discrete services instead of a monolithic design. By consequence, it is also applied in the field of software design where services are provide ...

S-RAMP SOA Repository Artifact Model & Protocol (S-RAMP) is a specification of SOA repository released by HP, IBM, Software AG, TIBCO, and Red Hat.Boris Lublinsky HP, IBM, Software AG and TIBCO Releases Version 0.9 of the SOA Repository Specification - ...

is a specification released by HP, IBM,

Software AG Founded in 1969, Software AG is an enterprise software company with over 10,000 enterprise customers in over 70 countries. The company is the second largest software vendor in Germany, and the seventh largest in Europe. Software AG is traded on t ...

TIBCO TIBCO Software Inc. is an American business intelligence software company founded in 1997 in Palo Alto, California. It has headquarters in Palo Alto, California, and offices in North America, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South A ...

, and

Red Hat Red Hat, Inc. is an American software company that provides open source software products to enterprises. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina, with other offices worldwide. Red Hat has become ass ...

Boris Lublinsky HP, IBM, Software AG and TIBCO Releases Version 0.9 of the SOA Repository Specification - http://www.infoq.com/news/2010/04/SOARepository InfoQ, April 27, 2010 which defines a common data model for SOA repositoriesKurt Stam, Eric Wittmann S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 1: Foundation - http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part1-foundation.html OASIS, December 23, 2013 as well as an interaction protocol to facilitate the use of common tooling and sharing of data.Martin Smithson, Vincent Brunssen S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 2: Atom Binding - http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part2-atom-binding.html OASIS, December 23, 2013

Content Management Interoperability Services Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) is an open standard that allows different content management systems to inter-operate over the Internet. Specifically, CMIS defines an abstraction layer for controlling diverse document mana ...

(CMIS) is an open standard for inter-operation of different

content management system A content management system (CMS) is computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management).''Managing Enterprise Content: A Unified Content Strategy''. Ann Rockley, Pamela Kostur, Steve Manning. New ...

s over the internet, and provides a common data model for typed files and folders used with

version control In software engineering, version control (also known as revision control, source control, or source code management) is a class of systems responsible for managing changes to computer programs, documents, large web sites, or other collections o ...

. The NetCDF software libraries for array-oriented scientific data implements a common data model called the NetCDF Java common data model, which consists of three layers built on top of each other to add successively richer semantics.

Health

Within

genomic and medical data Genomic and medical data refers to an area within genetics that concerns the recording, sequencing and analysis of an organism's genome. Background Genomics is a concept that was first developed by Fred Sanger who first sequenced the complete geno ...

, the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) research program established under the U.S.

National Institutes of Health The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late ...

has created a common data model for claims and electronic health records which can accommodate data from different sources around the world. PCORnet, which was developed by the

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is a United States-based non-profit institute created through the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. It is a government-sponsored organization charged with funding comparative ...

, is another common data model for health data including electronic health records and patient claims. The

JANUS clinical trial data repository Janus clinical trial data repository is a clinical trial data repository (or data warehouse) standard as sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It was named for the Roman god Janus (mythology), who had two faces, one that could ...

also provides a common data model which is based on the

SDTM SDTM (Study Data Tabulation Model) defines a standard structure for human clinical trial (study) data tabulations and for nonclinical study data tabulations that are to be submitted as part of a product application to a regulatory authority such a ...

standard to represent clinical data submitted to regulatory agencies, such as tabulation datasets, patient profiles, listings, etc.

Logistics

SX000i is a specification developed jointly by the

Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe The ''AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe'' (ASD) is a trade association for the aerospace, defense and security industries in Europe. According to the organization, it represents over 3,000 companies in 17 countries. History ...

(ASD) and the American

Aerospace Industries Association The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) is an American trade association representing manufacturers and suppliers of civil, military, and business aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, space systems, aircraft engines, missiles, material, and related c ...

(AIA) to provide information, guidance and instructions to ensure compatibility and the commonality. The associated SX002D specification contains a common data model.

Microsoft Common Data Model

The Microsoft Common Data Model is a collection of many standardised extensible data schemas with entities, attributes, semantic metadata, and relationships, which represent commonly used concepts and activities in various businesses areas such as "automotive, banking, commerce, educational, healthcare, marketing, sales, legal and non-profit institutions". It is maintained by

Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...

and its partners, and is published on

GitHub GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous ...

. Microsoft's Common Data Model is used amongst others in

Microsoft Dataverse Microsoft Power Platform is a line of business intelligence, app development, and app connectivity software applications. Microsoft developed the Power Fx low-code programming language for expressing logic across the Power Platform. It also pro ...

and with various

Microsoft Power Platform Microsoft Power Platform is a line of business intelligence, app development, and app connectivity software applications. Microsoft developed the Power Fx low-code programming language for expressing logic across the Power Platform. It also p ...

and

Microsoft Dynamics 365 Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a product line of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) intelligent business applications announced by Microsoft in July 2016 and released on November 1, 2016. Feature applicat ...

services.

Rail transport

RailTopoModel is a common data model for the railway sector.

Other

There are many more examples of various common data models for different uses published by different sources.Common Data Model - Evolveum Docs
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References

{{Data model Sharing Information theory Data modeling Application software Databases