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Michel Maffesoli (born 14 November 1944) is a French sociologist. He is a former pupil of Gilbert Durand and Julien Freund, and an
emeritus professor ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...
at
Paris Descartes University Paris Descartes University (french: Université Paris 5 René Descartes, links=no), also known as Paris V, was a French public university located in Paris. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 ...
. His work touches upon the issue of community links and the prevalence of "the imaginary" in the everyday life of contemporary societies, through which he contributes to the
postmodern Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or Rhetorical modes, mode of discourseNuyen, A.T., 1992. The Role of Rhetorical Devices in Postmodernist Discourse. Philosophy & Rhetoric, pp.183–194. characterized by philosophical skepticism, skepticis ...
paradigm. Maffesoli has been a member of the
Institut Universitaire de France The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France), is a service of the French Ministry of Higher Education that distinguishes each year a small number of university professors for their research excellence, as evidenced by t ...
since September 2008, following a controversial nomination. More generally, he has been the subject of several controversies, both scientific and professional, the most widely known of which concerns his supervision of the
PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * '' Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. al ...
dissertation of astrologer Élizabeth Teissier. Maffesoli was born in
Graissessac Graissessac (; oc, Graisseçac) is a commune in the southern French department of Hérault. Population See also *Communes of the Hérault department The following is a list of the 342 communes of the Hérault department of France. The ...
,
Hérault Hérault (; oc, Erau, ) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.nomadism A nomad is a member of a community without fixed habitation who regularly moves to and from the same areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the popu ...
(''Du Nomadisme, Vagabondages initiatiques'', La Table ronde, 1997). In 1978, Maffesoli became the teaching assistant of Julien Freund, a conservative political theorist and follower of
Vilfredo Pareto Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto ( , , , ; born Wilfried Fritz Pareto; 15 July 1848 – 19 August 1923) was an Italians, Italian polymath (civil engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher). He made several important ...
, while he was lecturing in
Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label= Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label= Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the ...
. Freund offered him to host the Institute of Polemology, which shows in his later works, under the themes of the "founding conflict" (''La violence fondatrice'', 1978), the "conflictual society" (PhD dissertation, 1981), and the use of the myth of
Dionysus In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, myth, Dionysus (; grc, wikt:Διόνυσος, Διόνυσος ) is the god of the grape-harvest, winemaking, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstas ...
as "regenerating disorder" (''L’Ombre de Dionysos'', 1982). In 1982, he founded with
Georges Balandier Georges Balandier (21 December 1920 – 5 October 2016) was a French sociologist, anthropologist and ethnologist noted for his research in Sub-Saharan Africa. Balandier was born in Aillevillers-et-Lyaumont. He was a professor at the Sorbonne (Un ...
the Centre d'études sur l'actuel et le quotidien (CEAQ), a research laboratory in the humanities and social sciences at the
Paris Descartes University Paris Descartes University (french: Université Paris 5 René Descartes, links=no), also known as Paris V, was a French public university located in Paris. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 ...
, where he led a doctoral seminar until his retiring in 2012. Maffesoli was awarded the Grand Prix des Sciences de l'
Académie française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosop ...
in 1992 for ''La transfiguration du politique''. Maffesoli is the director of the ''Cahiers Européens de l'imaginaire'' and ''Sociétés'' journals, as well as a member of the editorial board of ''Space and Culture'' and . Maffesoli called to vote for
Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (; ; born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2007 to 2012. Born in Paris, he is of Hungarian, Greek Jewish, and French origin. Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Se ...
in the French presidential election of 2012., which he later denied. Maffesoli is sometimes associated with
freemasonry Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
, although there is no way to prove that he ever was a member of it. He has recently appeared on French networks, predicting an "age of insurrections."


Reception within the scientific community

Within the scientific community of French sociologists, the
scientificity Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...
of Maffesoli's works is often questioned, especially since the furore concerning the thesis of Elizabeth Teissier "has created great controversy within the community f French sociologists and beyond and has led many sociologists to intervene in order to challenge the legitimacy". On this issue, Maffesoli presented arguments on his methods, in particular through a new edition of his epistemological book, ''La connaissance ordinaire'', in 2007. An opposition currently exists between Maffesoli's positions on "sensitive thinking" and supporters of a sociology embedded in the criteria of systematic and transparent scientificity. The conference "Raisons et Sociétés", held at the
Sorbonne Sorbonne may refer to: * Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities. *the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970) *one of its components or linked institution, ...
in 2002 following the Teissier controversy to debate the broader issue of methodologies in human sciences identified differences between the various sociological traditions relating to this case. Other controversies have led to challenges to Maffesoli's institutional position: the scientific community protested against his appointment to the board of the
CNRS The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,63 ...
and against his appointment at the
Institut Universitaire de France The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France), is a service of the French Ministry of Higher Education that distinguishes each year a small number of university professors for their research excellence, as evidenced by t ...
. On the other hand, Maffesoli's theories have been the subject of counter-inquiries, such as survey by Laurent Tessier on free parties in France and England. Maffesoli's work has achieved acclaim from authors including
Serge Moscovici Serge Moscovici (June 14, 1925 in Brăila, Romania as ''Srul Herş Moscovici'' – November 15, 2014 in Paris) was a Romanian-born French social psychologist, director of the '' Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale'' ("European Laborator ...
,
Edgar Morin Edgar Morin (; ; born Edgar Nahoum; 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist of the theory of information who has been recognized for his work on complexity and "complex thought" ( pensée complexe), and for his scholarly contributio ...
, Patrick Tacussel,
Philippe-Joseph Salazar Philippe-Joseph Salazar (), a French rhetorician and philosopher, was born on 10 February 1955 in Casablanca, then part of French Morocco. Salazar attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand a prestigious secondary-school in Paris (founded 1563) before ...
or Patrick Watier who regularly cite him. His influence can also be seen in various foreign journals. It is probably his book ''
The Time of the Tribes ''The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society'' (french: Le Temps des tribus : le déclin de l'individualisme dans les sociétés de masse) is a 1988 book by the French sociologist Michel Maffesoli. It argues that mass so ...
'' (1988, 1991), translated into nine languages, which made his notoriety outside France; see urban tribes. Universities in Brazil, Korea and Italy request him for conferences. He has received a chair that was named after him in Brazil, and a ''honoris causa'' doctorate from the University of
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north o ...
. His reception outside France is ambivalent. In a 1997 article in the ''Sociological Review'', sociologist David Evans concluded that Maffesoli's theories were not a
positive Positive is a property of positivity and may refer to: Mathematics and science * Positive formula, a logical formula not containing negation * Positive number, a number that is greater than 0 * Plus sign, the sign "+" used to indicate a posi ...
sociological
paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. Etymology ''Paradigm'' comes f ...
, criticising his work "incoherent" and "biased". The accounts of books written by foreign sociologists were less forthright, but sometimes stressed that Maffesoli's approach was subjective and had a lack of reflexivity. One sociologist even stated that Maffesoli's sociology was a "sociology of club".


Controversies


Élizabeth Teissier controversy

Maffesoli came to the attention of the general public in April 2001 when he defended the thesis of Élizabeth Teissier about the ambivalence of the social reception of astrology, highly contentious theory that he directed and whose jury was chaired by
Serge Moscovici Serge Moscovici (June 14, 1925 in Brăila, Romania as ''Srul Herş Moscovici'' – November 15, 2014 in Paris) was a Romanian-born French social psychologist, director of the '' Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale'' ("European Laborator ...
at the
Paris Descartes University Paris Descartes University (french: Université Paris 5 René Descartes, links=no), also known as Paris V, was a French public university located in Paris. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 ...
. The attribution of a doctorate to Teissier "created great controversy in the cientificcommunity, and led many sociologists to intervene to challenge the legitimacy". The thesis immediately aroused criticism in the field of French sociology, particularly that published by ''
Le Monde ''Le Monde'' (; ) is a French daily afternoon newspaper. It is the main publication of Le Monde Group and reported an average circulation of 323,039 copies per issue in 2009, about 40,000 of which were sold abroad. It has had its own website si ...
'' by
Christian Baudelot Christian Baudelot (born 9 December 1938, Paris) is a French sociologist based at the École normale supérieure. Many of his works have been written in collaboration with Roger Establet. Works * (tr. with Pierre Clinquart) ''Anthropologie'' by ...
and
Roger Establet Roger Establet Polity (born 1938) is a French scholar of the sociology of education. A student of Louis Althusser, Establet is an emeritus professor at University of Provence. A student at the lycée in Nice, and khâgne at the Lycée Louis ...
on 17 April 2001, and the petition of 30 April 2001 for the President of the Paris V University, and signed by 300 social scientists. Many critical comments were published in the national daily press, along with less radical comments. Beyond sociology, four French
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
winners (
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (; born 1 April 1933) is a French physicist. He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Chu and William Daniel Phillips for research in methods of laser cooling and trapping atoms. Currently he is still an activ ...
, Jean-Marie Lehn, Jean Dausset and
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (; 24 October 1932 – 18 May 2007) was a French physicist and the Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 1991. Education and early life He was born in Paris, France, and was home-schooled to the age of 12. By the age of ...
) also protested against the title of "doctor" awarded to Élizabeth Teissier in a protest letter addressed to the then Minister of Education, Jack Lang. The scientific, philosophical and sociological aspects of Teissier's thesis were studied by a group of scientists from several disciplines,Bernard Lahire, Philippe Cibois, Dominique Desjeux, Jean Audouze, Henri Broch, Jean-Paul Krivine, Jean-Claude Pecker and Jacques Bouveresse,
Analyse de la thèse de Madame Elizabeth Teissier
, April 2001. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
including members of the
Collège de France The Collège de France (), formerly known as the ''Collège Royal'' or as the ''Collège impérial'' founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment ('' grand établissement'') in France. It is located in Paris n ...
. The thesis was analyzed in detail by a group of astrophysicists and astronomers ( Jean-Claude Pecker,
Jean Audouze Jean Audouze () is a French astrophysicist. He is a research director at CNRS and teaches at the Paris Institute of Political Science "Sciences Po". From 1993 to 1996 he was president of the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie in La Villette, ...
, Denis Savoie), a group of sociologists (Bernard Lahire, Philippe Cibois and Dominique Desjeux), a philosopher (
Jacques Bouveresse Jacques Bouveresse (; 20 August 1940 – 9 May 2021) was a French philosopher who wrote on subjects including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics and analytical philosophy ...
), and by specialists of pseudo-science (Henri Broch and Jean-Paul Krivine). From this analysis, it appeared that the thesis was not valid from any viewpoint (sociological, astrophysical, or epistemological). In an email of 23 April 2001 addressed to many sociologists, Maffesoli acknowledged that the thesis included some "slippages". His email minimized the importance of these errors and denounced a fierceness against Élizabeth Teissier and him. After this controversy, two symposia were held to discuss the thesis's content and validity : * A discussion-meeting entitled "La thèse de sociologie, questions épistémologiques et usages après l'affaire Teissier" was held at the Sorbonne on 12 May 2001 by the Association des sociologues enseignants du supérieur (ASES). Maffesoli was present at this meeting and attended the accounts by
Christian Baudelot Christian Baudelot (born 9 December 1938, Paris) is a French sociologist based at the École normale supérieure. Many of his works have been written in collaboration with Roger Establet. Works * (tr. with Pierre Clinquart) ''Anthropologie'' by ...
and Lucien Karpik. * A symposium entitled "Raisons et Sociétés" was organized at the Sorbonne on 18 December 2002 to discuss and propose a theoretical answer to criticism. Several intellectuals and scientists participated in the meeting to bring the debate on scientific issues raised by the controversy.
Edgar Morin Edgar Morin (; ; born Edgar Nahoum; 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist of the theory of information who has been recognized for his work on complexity and "complex thought" ( pensée complexe), and for his scholarly contributio ...
, physicist Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond,
Mary Douglas Dame Mary Douglas, (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism, whose area of speciality was social anthropology. Douglas was considered a follower of Émile Durkheim ...
, Paolo Fabbri,
Franco Ferrarotti Franco Ferrarotti, OMRI (born 7 April 1926) is an Italian sociologist and a former member of the Chamber of Deputies, elected with Adriano Olivetti's Community Movement. Biography Born in Palazzolo Vercellese, Piedmont, on April 7, 1926, Ferrar ...
among others were present at this meeting. This controversy was sometimes caricatured as an opposition between positivism and phenomenology. However, criticism of Michel Maffesoli came from both research schools, though positivist critics received more publicity.


Appointment to the board of the CNRS

Maffesoli's appointment to the board of Directors of the
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,63 ...
caused an outcry in the scientific community. The decree of 5 October 2005 by which the appointment was established stated that the appointment was justified "because of isscientific and technological competence". A petition entitled "Un conseil d'administration du CNRS doublement inacceptable!" was launched after Maffesoli's appointment. The petitioners protested both against the non-respect for parity and the appointment of Michel Maffesoli, deemed as disrespectful of "the need for scientific credibility of the board". From October 2005 to February 2007, the petition received over 3,000 signatures, including these of
Christian Baudelot Christian Baudelot (born 9 December 1938, Paris) is a French sociologist based at the École normale supérieure. Many of his works have been written in collaboration with Roger Establet. Works * (tr. with Pierre Clinquart) ''Anthropologie'' by ...
, Stéphane Beaud,
François de Singly François de Singly (1948) was born in Dreux, is a French sociologist and professor of sociology at Paris Descartes University. He has worked a lot about family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinit ...
,
Jean-Louis Fabiani Jean-Louis Fabiani (born May 30, 1951) is a French sociologist, professor of sociology and social anthropology at the Central European University, and the director of studies at the Centre d'études sociologiques et politiques Raymond Aron at ...
, Bernard Lahire, Louis Pinto, Alain Trautmann, Loïc Wacquant and Florence Weber. Ironically, and as an effect of the petition having two goals, it remains absolutely unclear whether the petitioners signed against Maffesoli's appointment, or against the non-respect for parity.


Appointment to the Conseil National des Universités

In late 2007, when Maffesoli was appointed to the Conseil National des Universités (CNU), section 19 (Sociology, Demography), the Association des Sociologues Enseignants du Supérieur (ASES) and the Association Française de Sociologie (AFS) protested against this decision, as well as many other social scientists. In addition, in June 2002 and after the Teissier controversy, Maffesoli himself proposed to delete the CNU, which he deemed "unnecessary". However, he participated in the work of the section 19 of the CNU, including the controversial self-promotion of its own members in June 2009.


Appointment to the Institut Universitaire de France

Maffesoli was one of the persons appointed to the Institut Universitaire de France by a decree issued by the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, Valérie Pécresse, in August 2008. This decree was the subject of a controversy over the appointment of people not selected by juries from the institute, including Maffesoli. According to economist Élie Cohen, president of the jury, Maffesoli "would be never accepted by the jury even if there were more places".


''Sociétés'' hoax

Manuel Quinon and Arnaud Saint-Martin, two sociologists who were students of Maffesoli in the early 2000s, took inspiration from the
Sokal hoax The Sokal affair, also called the Sokal hoax, was a demonstrative scholarly hoax performed by Alan Sokal, a physics professor at New York University and University College London. In 1996, Sokal submitted an article to '' Social Text'', an ac ...
to demonstrate the lack of intellectual rigour in Maffesoli's work, as well as the absence of any serious
peer review Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work ( peers). It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer revie ...
in one of the two journals that he directs. Under the name "Jean-Pierre Tremblay", who was given a fictitious background as a Quebec-based sociologist, Quinon and Saint-Martin submitted an intentionally inept and absurd article on the "
Autolib' Autolib' was an electric car sharing service which was inaugurated in Paris, France, in December 2011. It closed on 31 July 2018. It was operated by the Bolloré industry and complemented the city's bike sharing system, Velib', which was set up ...
", a small rentable car in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
, to the ''Sociétés'' journal. The article was deliberately incoherent and plastered with liberal quotes and references to Maffesoli and other postmodern thinkers, positing that in self-service cars in Paris, the signs of masculinity had been erased and corrected, in order to "give way to an oblong maternity - no longer the phallus and the seminal energy of the sports car, but the 'uterus welcoming shelter-to-Autolib'". The article was duly "reviewed" by two people, before being accepted and published in ''Sociétés'' without any substantial editing. The authors of the hoax published an article explaining their aims and methods in March 2015.Benoît Floc'h
"Deux sociologues piègent une revue pour dénoncer la 'junk science'"
''
Le Monde ''Le Monde'' (; ) is a French daily afternoon newspaper. It is the main publication of Le Monde Group and reported an average circulation of 323,039 copies per issue in 2009, about 40,000 of which were sold abroad. It has had its own website si ...
'', 10 March 2015.
The hoax article was then quickly withdrawn from the publishing platform on which it appeared.


Bibliography

* '' Logique de la domination'', Paris, PUF. (1976) * avec Pessin A. ''La violence fondatrice'' . Paris, Champ Urbain Ed. (1978). * ''La Violence totalitaire'', Paris. PUF. (1979) Reed. (1994) ''La Violence totalitaire. Essai d'anthropologie politique''. Paris, Méridiens/Klincksieck. * ''La Conquête du présent. Pour une sociologie de la vie quotidienne''. Paris, PUF. (1979) * ''La Dynamique sociale. La société conflictuelle'' . Thèse d'État, Lille, Service des publications des thèses.(1981) * ''L'Ombre de Dionysos'' (1982), Le Livre de Poche, reed. 1991 * ''Essai sur la violence banale et fondatrice'', (1984) Paris, Librairie Méridiens/Klincksieck. * ''La Connaissance ordinaire. Précis de sociologie compréhensive''. (1985), Paris, Librairie des Méridiens. Paris ed., Klincksieck, 2007. * ''La société est plusieurs'', in : ''Une anthropologie des turbulences''. Maffesoli M. (under the direction of) (1985), Berg International Ed., 175-180. * '' Le Temps des tribus''. Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck. (1988), Le Livre de Poche, 1991. * ''Au creux des apparences. Pour une éthique de l'esthétique''.(1990), Paris, Plon. Reed. (1993) Le Livre de Poche, * ''La Transfiguration du politique'' (La Table Ronde, 1992), Le Livre de Poche, 1995. * ''La Contemplation du monde'' (1993), Le Livre de Poche, 1996. * ''Eloge de la raison sensible''. Paris, Grasset.(1996) * ''Du nomadisme. Vagabondages initiatiques''. Paris, Le Livre de Poche, Biblio-Essais,(1997) * ''La part du diable'' précis de subversion postmoderne, Flammarion (2002) * ''L'instant éternel''. Le retour du tragique dans les sociétés postmodernes. Paris, La Table Ronde, (2003) * ''Le rythme de vie - Variation sur l'imaginaire post-moderne'', Paris, Ed. Table Ronde, Collection Contretemps, 2004, 260 pages. * ''Pouvoir des hauts lieux '' (14p.) dans Pierre Delorme (dir.) ''La ville autrement'', Ste-Foy, Ed. Presse de l'Université du Québec, 2005, 300 pages. * ''Le réenchantement du monde - Morales, éthiques, déontologies'', Paris, Table Ronde ed., 2007. * « C’est au nom de la morale qu’on massacre les peuples » in ''Spectacle du Monde'', entretien avec Richard Kitaeff, février 2008, p. 46-49. * ''Iconologies. Nos idol@tries postmodernes'', Paris, Albin Michel, 2008. * ''Après la modernité ? - La conquête du présent, La violence totalitaire, La logique de la domination'', Paris, CNRS ed., coll. Compendium, 2008. * ''La République des bons sentiments'', Le Rocher ed., 2008. * ''Apocalypse'', CNRS Éditions, 2009. * ''La matrimonium : De la nature des choses'', CNRS Éditions, 2010. * ''Le Trésor caché, lettre ouverte aux francs-maçons et à quelques autres'', Editions Léo Scheer, 2015.


References


Further reading

* ''Dérive autour de l'œuvre de Michel Maffesoli'', Ceaq (introduction by Gilbert Durand), Paris, L’Harmattan, 2004. * T.Keller, "Ein französischer Lebenssoziologe : Michel Maffesoli", in S Moebius et L.Peter. : ''Französische Soziologie der Gegenwart'' EVK verlag . Konstanz, 2004. * R.Keller: ''Michel Maffesoli: eine Einführung'', Uvk Verlags GmbH Konstanz 2006. * S.Curti et L.F.Clemente, ''Michel Maffesoli. Reliance. Itinerari tra modernità e postmodernità''. Mimesis, Milano, 2007. * S.Curti, ''Le zone d'ombra. Vita quotidiana e disordine in Michel Maffesoli''. Ombre Corte, Verona, 2007. * F. Antonelli, Caos e postmodernità. Un'analisi a partire dalla sociologia di Michel Maffesoli. Philos, Roma, 2007. * P. Le Quéau, ''L'homme en clair-obscur. Lecture de Michel Maffesoli''. Les Presses de l'Université de Laval, 2007. * M. Tyldesley, 'The Thought of Sorbonne Professor Michel Maffesoli (1944-): Sociologist of Postmodernity' Edwin Mellen Press Lewiston, NY, 2010.


External links


Maffesoli's curriculum vitae
*
"Erotic Knowledge"
''Secessio'', 2012. *
"To Each his Tribes - From Contract to Pact"
''Berfrois'', 2014. *
"The Savage Mind of Michel Maffesoli"
(interview), ''Rebellion'' No.42, June 2010. {{DEFAULTSORT:Maffesoli, Michel 1944 births Living people Paris Descartes University faculty University of Strasbourg alumni Grenoble Alpes University alumni People from Hérault French sociologists Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts French male writers French people of Italian descent Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur