Mary J. Rathbun

Mary Jane Rathbun (June 11, 1860 – April 4, 1943) was an American zoologist who specialized in crustaceans. She worked at the Smithsonian Institution from 1884 until her death. She described more than a thousand new species and subspecies and many higher taxa.

Biography

Mary Jane Rathbun was born on June 11, 1860, in Buffalo, New York, the youngest of five children of Charles Rathbun and Jane Furey. Her mother died when she was only one year old, and Mary was therefore "thrown on her own resources." She was educated in Buffalo, graduating in 1878, but never attended college.

Rathbun was tall, and was noted for having a dry sense of humor.Rathbun first saw the ocean in 1881 when she accompanied her brother, Richard Rathbun, to Woods Hole, Massachusetts. He was employed as a scientific assistant to Addison Emery Verrill, alongside Verrill's chief assistant, the carcinologist Sidney Irving Smith. Rathbun helped label, sort and record Smith's specimens, and worked on crustaceans ever since.
For three years, Rathbun worked on a voluntary basis for her brother, before being granted a clerkship by Spencer Fullerton Baird at the Smithsonian Institution.

After 28 years of working at the museum, Rathbun was promoted to assistant curator in charge of the Division of Crustacea. In 1915, after her retirement, the Smithsonian Institution designated Rathbun an "Honorary Research Associate," and in 1916 she was granted an honorary master's degree by the University of Pittsburgh. She qualified for a Ph.D. at George Washington University in 1917. Rathbun was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Washington Academy of Sciences, and the Wild Flower Preservation Society.

Rathbun died in Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1943, at the age of 82, from complications associated with a broken hip.

Publications

Rathbun's first publication was co-written with James Everard Benedict and concerned the genus ''Panopeus''; it was published in 1891. She officially retired on December 31, 1914, but did not stop working until her death. Her largest work was ' ("Freshwater crabs"), which was originally intended as a single publication, but was eventually published in three volumes between 1904 and 1906.
She wrote or cowrote 166 papers in total, including descriptions of 1147 new species and subspecies, 63 new genera, one subfamily, 3 families and a superfamily, as well as other nomenclatural novelties. The taxa first described by Rathbun include important commercial species such as the Atlantic blue crab ''Callinectes sapidus'', and the tanner crab, ''Chionoecetes bairdi''.

Taxa

A number of taxa have been named in honor of Mary J. Rathbun:

*'' Hamatoscalpellum rathbunae'' (Pilsbry, 1907)
*'' Maera rathbunae'' Pearse, 1908
*'' Paromola rathbuni'' Porter Mosso, 1908
*'' Synalphaeus rathbunae'' Coutiere, 1909
*'' Candidiopotamon rathbunae'' De Man, 1914
*'' Pasiphaea rathbunae'' (Stebbing, 1914)
*''Petrolisthes rathbunae'' Schmitt, 1916
*'' Periclimenes rathbunae'' Schmitt, 1924
*'' Alpheus rathbunae'' (Schmitt, 1924)
*'' Campylonotus rathbunae'' Schmitt, 1926
*''Callinectes rathbunae'' Contreras, 1930
*'' Eriosachila rathbunae'' Maury, 1930
*'' Tritodynamia rathbunae'' Shen, 1932
*'' Sacculina rathbunae'' Boschma, 1933
*'' Pinnixa rathbunae'' Sakai, 1934
*'' Emerita rathbunae'' Schmitt, 1935
*'' Callianassa rathbunae'' Schmitt, 1935
*'' Solenocera rathbunae'' Ramadan, 1938
*'' Thunor rathbunae'' Armstrong, 1949
*'' Lysmata rathbunae'' Chace, 1970
*'' Xanthias rathbunae'' Takeda, 1976
*'' Cyphocarcinus rathbunae'' Griffin & Tranter, 1986
*'' Asterias rathbunae'' Britajev, 1989
*'' Lophaxius rathbunae'' Kensley, 1989
*'' Rhynchocinetes rathbunae'' Okuno, 1996
*'' Palaeopinnixa rathbunae'' Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2000
*'' Marratha'' Ng & Clark, 2003

See also

*Timeline of women in science

References

External links

Mary Jane Rathbun Papers, 1886-1938 and undated
from the Smithsonian Institution Archives
*
Bionomia profile
showing specimens collected and/or identified by Rathbone, and the science enabled
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathbun, Mary J.
1860 births
1943 deaths
American carcinologists
American women zoologists
Smithsonian Institution people
George Washington University alumni
Scientists from Buffalo, New York
19th-century American zoologists
20th-century American zoologists
19th-century American women scientists
20th-century American women scientists
19th-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
19th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers