Marcello Bacciarelli (; 16 February 1731 – 5 January 1818) was a Polish- Italian painter of the late-

baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...

and Neoclassic periods.

Biography

He was born in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, and studied there under

Marco Benefial Marco Benefial (25 April 1684 – 9 April 1764) "Marco Benefial (Getty Museum)" (history), The Getty Museum, 2006, webpage: GM-Benefial. was an Italian, proto- Neoclassical painter, mainly active in Rome. Benefial is best known for ...

. In 1750, with the recommendation of the architect

Gaetano Chiaveri Gaetano Chiaveri ( in Rome – 5 March 1770) was an Italian architect and master builder, most notable for his work as part of the second phase of the Dresden Baroque. His works include the Cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains t ...

, Marcello was recruited to

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a ...

, where he was employed by Elected King

Augustus III Augustus III ( pl, August III Sas, lt, Augustas III; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Aug ...

of Poland. After the death of King Augustus, Marcello went to

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, and thence to

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

. In Dresden, he met Bernardo Bellotto and worked with this Italian painter throughout his life. He was recruited by King

Stanisław II Augustus Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine * Stanislaus County, Cali ...

in 1766 to become the Director of the newly founded Royal Buildings and Estates. In Dresden, he married Federicka Richter, a woman painter known for miniature portraits. In Vienna, Marcello painted portraits of the imperial family, including the four daughters of Maria Teresa,

Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia; 13 May 1742 – 24 June 1798), was the fifth child of Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Married in 1766 to Prince Albert of Saxony, the co ...

and her husband, prince Albert. In Warsaw, he painted a set of portraits depicting nearly all Polish kings, from

Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave ; cs, Boleslav Chrabrý; la, Boleslaus I rex Poloniae (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia betwe ...

to the last king of the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

, Stanisław II Augustus who was also Bacciarelli's patron and admirer. He also made a portrait of

Izabela Lubomirska Izabela is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrocza, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, also known as Cuiavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie, or Kujawy-Po ...

in her wedding gown, that she commissioned years later after her marriage. Bacciarelli was also keen in painting culturally significant scenes from the history of Poland. Following the

partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

and after Napoleon's rise to power he moved to the

Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during ...

, a client state of the

First French Empire The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental E ...

and died in 1818. A number of his paintings were painted for King Stanisław II Augustus of Poland and are in the Royal Castle in Warsaw. These include: * ''Strength, Reason, Belief, and Justice'', in the Old Audience Chamber * ''The Flourishing of the Arts, Sciences, Agriculture, and Trade'' on the ceiling of the Old Audience Chamber * ''Rebecca and Eleazar'' in the King's Bedroom * ''Esther and Ahasuerus'' in the King's Bedroom During Bacciarelli's early years in Warsaw, the young

Alexander Kucharsky Alexander Kucharsky (18 March 1741 – 5 November 1819) also Alexandre Kucharsky, was a Polish portrait painter who spent his adult life in France. He himself used the spelling Kucharsky,See signature at Marie Antoinette, miniature by Kucharsky, ...

began to train as a painter in his studio.Le peintre KUCHARSKY
at museelouisxvii.com (accessed 28 December 2007) Another notable pupil of Bacciarelli's was

Kazimierz Wojniakowski Kazimierz Wojniakowski (1771/72, Kraków – 1812, Warsaw) was a Polish painter, illustrator and Freemason, known primarily for his portraits in the sentimentalist style. Life and work He was a pupil of Marcello Bacciarelli."Wojniakowski, Kazimie ...

Gallery

File:Stanisław II August Poniatowski in coronation clothes.PNG, ''Stanisław II Augustus, King of Poland'' File:Marcello Bacciarelli - Heinrich Graf von Brühl.jpeg, ''Count Brühl'' File:Bacciarelli - Jan Kazimierz.jpeg, ''King John II Casimir'' File:August II the Strong by Marcello Bacciarelli.PNG, ''Augustus the Strong'' File:Bacciarelli Marie Christine 1766.jpg, ''Marie Christine'' File:Bacciarelli Blue Marquise.jpg, ''Blue Marquise'' File:Bacciarelli Anna Lampel.jpg, ''Anna Lampel'' File:Izabella Poniatowska Branicka.jpg, ''Izabella Branicka'' File:Stanisław Poniatowski (1676-1762).PNG, ''Stanisław Poniatowski'' File:Countess Henrietta Friederika von Bünau.jpg, Countess Henrietta Friederika von Bünau

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bacciarelli, Marcello 1731 births 1818 deaths 18th-century Polish–Lithuanian painters 18th-century male artists 19th-century Polish painters 19th-century Italian male artists 18th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 19th-century Italian painters Court painters of Polish kings Polish people of Italian descent Burials at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw Painters from Rome Polish male painters Polish courtiers 18th-century Italian male artists