Marc Okrand
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Marc Okrand (; born July 3, 1948) is an
American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...
linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
. His professional work is in Native American languages, and he is well known as the creator of the
Klingon language The Klingon language ( tlh, tlhIngan Hol, links=no, '' '': , ) is the constructed language spoken by a fictional alien race called the Klingons, in the ''Star Trek'' universe. Described in the 1985 book ''The Klingon Dictionary'' by Marc Okra ...
in the ''
Star Trek ''Star Trek'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Gene Roddenberry, which began with the eponymous 1960s television series and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon. The franchise has expanded into vari ...
'' science fiction franchise.


Linguistics

As a linguist, Okrand worked with
Native American languages Over a thousand indigenous languages are spoken by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. These languages cannot all be demonstrated to be related to each other and are classified into a hundred or so language families (including a large numbe ...
. He earned a bachelor's degree from the
University of California, Santa Cruz The University of California, Santa Cruz (UC Santa Cruz or UCSC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Cruz, California. It is one of the ten campuses in the University of California syste ...
in 1970. His 1977 doctoral dissertation from the
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
, was on the grammar of
Mutsun Mutsun (also known as San Juan Bautista Costanoan) is a Utian language spoken in Northern California. It was the primary language of a division of the Ohlone people living in the Mission San Juan Bautista area. The Tamien Nation and band is cu ...
, an extinct
Ohlone The Ohlone, formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish meaning 'coast dweller'), are a Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the late 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited the ...
language formerly spoken in the coastal areas of north-central California. His dissertation was supervised by pioneering linguist
Mary Haas Mary Rosamond Haas (January 23, 1910 – May 17, 1996) was an American linguist who specialized in North American Indian languages, Thai, and historical linguistics. She served as president of the Linguistic Society of America. She was elected a ...
. From 1975 to 1978, he taught undergraduate
linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
courses at the
University of California, Santa Barbara The University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Barbara County, California, Santa Barbara, California with 23,196 undergraduate ...
, before taking a
post-doctoral A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD). The ultimate goal of a postdoctoral rese ...
fellowship at the Smithsonian in
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, in 1978.''
Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published ...
'
Helping the Hearing Impaired And Voicing the Klingons
May 14, 2009
After that, Okrand took a job at the
National Captioning Institute The National Captioning Institute, Inc. (NCI) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that provides real-time and off-line closed captioning, subtitling and translation, described video, web captioning, and Spanish captioning for television and film ...
, where he worked on the first closed-captioning system for hearing-impaired television viewers. Until his retirement in 2013, Okrand served as one of the directors for Live Captioning at the National Captioning Institute and as President of the board of directors of ''
WSC Avant Bard Avant Bard Theatre (commonly known as Avant Bard, and formerly known as WSC Avant Bard, Washington Shakespeare Company or simply WSC) is a small, primarily non-Equity theater based in Arlington, VA. The company was founded in 1990 under the name ...
'' (formerly the Washington Shakespeare Company) in
Arlington, Virginia Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from the District of Columbia, of which it was once a part. The county is ...
, which planned to stage "an evening of Shakespeare in Klingon" in 2010.


''Star Trek''

While coordinating closed captioning for the
Oscars The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...
award show in 1982, Okrand met the producer for the movie '' Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan''. His first work was dubbing in
Vulcan Vulcan may refer to: Mythology * Vulcan (mythology), the god of fire, volcanoes, metalworking, and the forge in Roman mythology Arts, entertainment and media Film and television * Vulcan (''Star Trek''), name of a fictional race and their home p ...
language dialogue for ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan'', since the actors had already been filmed talking in English. He was then hired by
Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film and television production company, production and Distribution (marketing), distribution company and the main namesake division of Paramount Global (formerly ViacomCBS). It is the fifth-oldes ...
to develop the Klingon language and coach the actors using it in '' Star Trek III: The Search for Spock'', '' Star Trek V: The Final Frontier'', '' Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country''. He was later hired for the use of the Romulan and Vulcan languages in the ''
Star Trek ''Star Trek'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Gene Roddenberry, which began with the eponymous 1960s television series and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon. The franchise has expanded into vari ...
'' film in 2009. He also created Klingon dialogue for that movie, but those scenes were cut. He was involved in ''
Star Trek Into Darkness ''Star Trek Into Darkness'' is a 2013 American science fiction action film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman, and Damon Lindelof. It is the 12th installment in the ''Star Trek'' franchise and the sequel to the 2 ...
'', but only during post-production. Okrand is the author of three books about Klingon – ''
The Klingon Dictionary ''The Klingon Dictionary (TKD)'' is a book by Marc Okrand describing the Klingon language. First published in 1985 and then again with an addendum in 1992, it includes pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. It has sold more than three hundred thou ...
'' (first published 1985, revised enlarged edition 1992), ''
The Klingon Way ''The Klingon Way: A Warrior's Guide'' (Klingon: ''tlhIngan tIgh: SuvwI' DevmeH paq'') is a 1996 book by the linguist Marc Okrand that was published by Pocket Books. ''The Klingon Way'' is a collection of proverbs and sayings in the constructed lan ...
'' (1996), and ''
Klingon for the Galactic Traveler ''Klingon for the Galactic Traveler'' (''KGT'') is the third book written by Marc Okrand about the Klingon language. It was published in 1997. The book represents the second major expansion of the Klingon language. Contents The book provides inf ...
'' (1997) – as well as two audio courses: '' Conversational Klingon'' (1992) and '' Power Klingon'' (1993). He has also co-authored the libretto of an opera in the Klingon language: ', debuting at
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
in September 2010. He speaks Klingon, but notes that others have attained greater fluency. In 2018 he developed the language for the Kelpien race in the second season of '' Star Trek: Discovery'' (first appearing in the third ''Short Treks'' episode ''"''The Brightest Star''"'').''Kelpien Language Consultant: Marc Okrand'' in the end credits of the episode "The Brightest Star"


''Atlantis: The Lost Empire''

In 2001, Okrand created the
Atlantean language The Atlantean language is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand, especially for the Disney film ''Atlantis: The Lost Empire''. The language was intended by the script-writers to be a possible mother language, and Okrand crafted it to inc ...
for the
Disney The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October ...
film '' Atlantis: The Lost Empire,'' for which he was also used as an early facial model for the protagonist's character design.


Notes


References


External links

*
Interview with Marc Okrand
in the ''
Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published ...
'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Okrand, Marc 1948 births American opera librettists Constructed language creators Creators of writing systems Linguists from the United States Linguists of Klingon Living people People from Los Angeles University of California, Berkeley alumni University of California, Santa Cruz alumni