Manuel Moschopoulos ( Latinized as Manuel Moschopulus; el, ), was a

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

commentator and

grammarian Grammarian may refer to: * Alexandrine grammarians, philologists and textual scholars in Hellenistic Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE * Biblical grammarians, scholars who study the Bible and the Hebrew language * Grammarian (Greco-Roman ...

, who lived during the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century and was an important figure in the

Palaiologan Renaissance The Palaeologan Renaissance or Palaiologan Renaissance is the final period in the development of Byzantine art. It coincided with the reign of the Palaiologoi, the last dynasty to rule the Byzantine Empire (1261–1453), and essentially preceded ...

. ''Moschopoulos'' means "little calf," and is probably a nickname.

Life

Moschopoulos was a student of Maximos Planudes and possibly his successor as a head of a school in

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...

, where he taught throughout his life. A mysterious and ill-documented excursion into politics led to his imprisonment for a while.

Works

His chief work is ''Erotemata grammaticalia'' (),See

Uncial 0135 Uncial 0135 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 85 ( Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 9th century. Description The codex contains a fragments of the Matthew, Mark, and Luke, on 16 par ...

. in the form of question and answer, based upon an anonymous epitome of grammar, and supplemented by a lexicon of

Attic An attic (sometimes referred to as a '' loft'') is a space found directly below the pitched roof of a house or other building; an attic may also be called a ''sky parlor'' or a garret. Because attics fill the space between the ceiling of the ...

noun A noun () is a word that generally functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.Example nouns for: * Living creatures (including people, alive, d ...

s. He was also the author of ''scholia'' on the first and second books of the ''

Iliad The ''Iliad'' (; grc, Ἰλιάς, Iliás, ; "a poem about Ilium") is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Odysse ...

'', on

Hesiod Hesiod (; grc-gre, Ἡσίοδος ''Hēsíodos'') was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded by western authors as 'the first written poet i ...

Theocritus Theocritus (; grc-gre, Θεόκριτος, ''Theokritos''; born c. 300 BC, died after 260 BC) was a Greek poet from Sicily and the creator of Ancient Greek pastoral poetry. Life Little is known of Theocritus beyond what can be inferred from hi ...

Pindar Pindar (; grc-gre, Πίνδαρος , ; la, Pindarus; ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar is ...

and other classical and later authors; of

riddle A riddle is a statement, question or phrase having a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be solved. Riddles are of two types: ''enigmas'', which are problems generally expressed in metaphorical or allegorical language that requir ...

s, letters, and a treatise on the

magic square In recreational mathematics, a square array of numbers, usually positive integers, is called a magic square if the sums of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diagonals are the same. The 'order' of the magic square is the number ...

s. His grammatical treatises formed the foundation of the labors of such promoters of classical studies as

Manuel Chrysoloras Manuel (or Emmanuel) Chrysoloras ( el, Μανουὴλ Χρυσολωρᾶς; c. 1350 – 15 April 1415) was a Byzantine Greek classical scholar, humanist, philosopher, professor, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance. Se ...

Theodorus Gaza Theodorus Gaza ( el, Θεόδωρος Γαζῆς, ''Theodoros Gazis''; it, Teodoro Gaza; la, Theodorus Gazes), also called Theodore Gazis or by the epithet Thessalonicensis (in Latin) and Thessalonikeus (in Greek) (c. 1398 – c. 1475), wa ...

Guarini Guarini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Giovanni Battista Guarini (1538–1612), Italian poet and diplomat * Anna Guarini, Contessa Trotti, (1563–1598), Italian virtuoso singer of the late Renaissance * Frank Jose ...

, and

Constantine Lascaris Constantine Lascaris ( el, Κωνσταντῖνος Λάσκαρις ''Kostantinos Láskaris''; 1434 – 15 August 1501) was a Greek scholar and grammarian, one of the promoters of the revival of Greek learning in Italy during the Renaissance, ...

. As an editor, while making many false conjectures, he was responsible for clearing many long-standing errors in the traditional texts. His comments when original, are mainly lexicographical. Other works include an anti-Latin theological pamphlet. A selection from his works under the title of ''Manuelis Moschopuli opuscula grammatica'' was published by F. N. Titze (Leipzig, 1822); see also

Karl Krumbacher Karl Krumbacher (23 September 1856 – 12 December 1909) was a German scholar who was an expert on Byzantine Greek language, literature, history and culture. He was one of the principal founders of Byzantine Studies as an independent academic ...

, ''Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur'' (1897) and M. Treu, ''Maximi monachi Planudis epistulae'' (1890), p. 208.

References

External links

Manuel Moschopoulos
a
Convergence
* *
Manuelis Moschopuli cretensis Opuscula grammatica, in quibus et de usitata graecis ex omni aevo diphthongorum pronuntiatione doctrina insignis : E codice nuper in Bohemia reperto nunc primum edidit graece / Praefationem cum diatribe literaria de Moschopulis et animadversiones suas adiecit Franciscus Nicolaus Titze
digitised book in Latin and Ancient Greek at th
Hathi Trust digital library
(original at Harvard). {{DEFAULTSORT:Moschopoulos, Manuel 13th-century births 14th-century deaths Byzantine grammarians Magic squares 13th-century Byzantine people 14th-century Byzantine writers 14th-century Byzantine people