The Manobo languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Their speakers are primarily located around
Northern Mindanao,
Central Mindanao
Soccsksargen (officially stylized in all caps; ), formerly known as Central Mindanao, is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region XII. Located in south-central Mindanao, its name is an acronym that stands for the region ...
(presently called
Soccsksargen) and
Caraga regions where they are natively spoken. Some outlying groups make Manobo geographically discontiguous as other speakers can be located as far as the southern peninsula of
Davao Oriental, most of
Davao Occidental and coastal areas of
Sultan Kudarat. The
Kagayanen speakers are the most extremely remote and can be found in certain portions of
Palawan
Palawan (), officially the Province of Palawan ( cyo, Probinsya i'ang Palawan; tl, Lalawigan ng Palawan), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in t ...
.
Languages
*Central
**East:
Dibabawon,
Rajah Kabunsuwan,
Agusan
**South:
Ata,
Matigsalug (Tigwa);
Obo
**West:
Western Bukidnon,
Ilianen
*North:
Binukid,
Kagayanen,
Higaonon
Higaonon is a Manobo language spoken on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is partially (80%) intelligible with Binukid.
Higaonon is spoken in the Butuan River basin of north-central Mindanao, comprising northwestern Agusan del Sur ...
,
Kinamigin
*South:
Tagabawa,
Sarangani
Sarangani, officially the Province of Sarangani ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sarangani; hil, Kapuoran sang Sarangani; Maguindanaon: ''Dairat nu Sarangani'', Jawi: دايرت نو سارڠني; fil, Lalawigan ng Sarangani), is a province in the Philip ...
,
Cotabato
Classification
Elkins (1974:637) classifies the Manobo languages as follows.
*Manobo
**Northern
***''
Cagayano'' (of
Cagayancillo
Cagayancillo, officially the Municipality of Cagayancillo ( tgl, Bayan ng Cagayancillo), is a 6th class municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it ...
Island)
***''
Kinamigin'' (of
Camiguin
Camiguin, officially the Province of Camiguin ( ceb, Probinsya sa Camiguin; tl, Lalawigan ng Camiguin; Kamigin: ''Probinsya ta Kamigin''), is an island province in the Philippines located in the Bohol Sea, about off the northern coast of ...
Island), ''
Binukid'' (of central Mindanao)
**(core branch)
***Southern
****''
Tagabawa''
****''
Sarangani
Sarangani, officially the Province of Sarangani ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sarangani; hil, Kapuoran sang Sarangani; Maguindanaon: ''Dairat nu Sarangani'', Jawi: دايرت نو سارڠني; fil, Lalawigan ng Sarangani), is a province in the Philip ...
Manobo''
****''
Tasaday'', ''
Cotabato Manobo''
***East-West-Central
****Western
*****''
Obo''
*****''
Ilianen Manobo''
*****''
Western Bukidnon Manobo'', ''Livunganen'' (a dialect spoken in
Libungan, north of
Midsayap, Cotabato)
****East-Central
*****Eastern
******''
Agusan Manobo''
******''
Dibabawon Manobo''
*****Central
******''
Ata of Davao''
******''
Matig Salug'', ''Tigwa Manobo''
Reconstruction
Elkins (1974) includes a reconstruction of Proto-Manobo, along with 197 reconstructed etyma.
The Proto-Manobo phonemes are (Elkins 1974:616):
;Consonants
;Vowels
See also
*
Lumad people
References
*
{{Austronesian languages
Greater Central Philippine languages