Manley Ottmer Hudson (May 19, 1886 – April 13, 1960) was a U.S. lawyer, specializing in

public international law International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for ...

. He was a judge at the

Permanent Court of International Justice The Permanent Court of International Justice, often called the World Court, existed from 1922 to 1946. It was an international court attached to the League of Nations. Created in 1920 (although the idea of an international court was several cent ...

, a member of the

International Law Commission The International Law Commission (ILC) is a body of experts responsible for helping develop and codify international law. It is composed of 34 individuals recognized for their expertise and qualifications in international law, who are elected by t ...

, and a mediator in international conflicts. The

American Society of International Law The American Society of International Law (ASIL), founded in 1906, was chartered by the United States Congress in 1950 to foster the study of international law, and to promote the establishment and maintenance of international relations on the ba ...

named a medal after him; as did

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...

and

University of Missouri School of Law The University of Missouri School of Law (Mizzou Law or MU Law) is the law school of the University of Missouri. It is located on the university's main campus in Columbia, forty minutes from the Missouri State Capitol in Jefferson City. The ...

with a professorship. He was nominated twice for the

Nobel peace prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiolog ...

Biography

Early life and education

Hudson was born in Saint Peters, Missouri. He studied at the

William Jewell College William Jewell College is a private liberal arts college in Liberty, Missouri. It was founded in 1849 by members of the Missouri Baptist Convention and endowed with $10,000 by William Jewell. It was associated with the Missouri Baptist Conventi ...

in Liberty, Missouri, achieving bachelor in 1906 and master in 1907. In 1910 he earned a LL.B. from Harvard Law School, as well as a S.J.D. in 1917. He received further PhDs from

(1928), the

University of Missouri The University of Missouri (Mizzou, MU, or Missouri) is a public land-grant research university in Columbia, Missouri. It is Missouri's largest university and the flagship of the four-campus University of Missouri System. MU was founded in ...

(1931), and the

University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD or Delaware) is a public land-grant research university located in Newark, Delaware. UD is the largest university in Delaware. It offers three associate's programs, 148 bachelor's programs, 121 ma ...

(1934).Staff report (April 14, 1960). Manley Hudson, Law Scholar, 73; Member of World Court, 1936-45, Dies. Ex-Harvard Professor Led U. N. Unit. ''

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

Career

He became professor at Harvard in 1919, heading the department of international law from 1923 to 1954. He also was a guest lecturer at the

Hague Academy of International Law The Hague Academy of International Law (french: Académie de droit international de La Haye) is a center for high-level education in both public and private international law housed in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Courses are taugh ...

(1925), the

University of Calcutta The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University; CU) is a public collegiate state university in India, located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Considered one of best state research university all over India every year, ...

(1927), and the

Graduate Institute of International Studies Graduate may refer to: Education * The subject of a graduation, i.e. someone awarded an academic degree ** Alumnus, a former student who has either attended or graduated from an institution * High school graduate, someone who has completed high ...

in 1936. Furthermore, he was an advisor and member of the law department of the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

, the

United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government responsible for the country's fore ...

, and others. He became editor of the ''

American Journal of International Law ''The American Journal of International Law'' is an English-language scholarly journal focusing on international law and international relations. It is published quarterly since 1907 by the American Society of International Law (ASIL). The ''Jo ...

'' in 1924. Hudson married Janet Norton Aldrich in 1930 and was the father of two sons, Manley Ottmer, Jr. and Peter. A member of the

Permanent Court of Arbitration The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that aris ...

since 1933, he became a judge at the

in 1936 and held that position until the dissolution of that court in 1946. Since 1936, he was an associate of the

Institut de Droit International The Institute of International Law (French: Institut de Droit International) is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers. The organizati ...

. He also was an advisor and lecturer for international law at the

Naval War College The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associ ...

from 1946 to 1952. From 1949 to 1952, he was president of the

and first chairman of the

. He was appointed Special Rapporteur for the study of nationality including statelessness by the

on 26 July 1951.

Death and legacy

He retired in 1954, and died in

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston ...

in 1960.Staff report (April 25, 1960)
US news headlines.
''

Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...

'' His widow gave his collected 18000 letters, notes, and manuscripts to the library of Harvard in 1964. He left his collection of 1000 law books to the American Society of International Law, which created the ''Manley-O.-Hudson'' medal in his honor. He was nominated for the Nobel peace prize in 1933 and 1951. His successor at Harvard was Louis Bruno Sohn.

Works

* ''The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Question of American Participation.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925. * ''Current International Cooperation.'' Calcutta, India: Calcutta University Press, 1927. * ''Progress in International Organisation.'' Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1932. * ''By Pacific Means.'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1935. *''International Legislation'' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1937, co-edited with Ruth E. Bacon) and *''World Court Reports: A Collection of the Judgments, Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Volume III, 1932-1935'' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938, co-edited with Ruth E.Bacon)Hudson, Manley O., and Ruth E. Bacon, eds., ''World Court Reports: A Collection of the Judgments, Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Volume III, 1932-1935'' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938). * ''The Permanent Court of International Justice 1920-1942.'' New York: Macmillan, 1943.

References

External links

ASIL Presidents: Manley Ottmer Hudson

Manley Ottmer Hudson Papers 1894-1960
via Harvard University {{DEFAULTSORT:Hudson, Manley Ottmer 1886 births 1960 deaths People from St. Peters, Missouri 20th-century American lawyers International Law Commission officials Members of the Institut de Droit International Permanent Court of International Justice judges University of Calcutta faculty Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration Harvard University alumni American officials of the United Nations American judges of international courts and tribunals 20th-century American judges Presidents of the American Society of International Law