Manidae is the only
extant family of
pangolins from superfamily
Manoidea.
This family comprises three genera (''
Manis'' from subfamily Maninae, ''
Phataginus
African tree pangolin (''Phataginus'') is a genus of African pangolins from subfamily small African pangolins (Phatagininae), within family Manidae. Its members are the more arboreal of the African pangolins.
The number of illegally trafficke ...
'' from subfamily Phatagininae, and ''
Smutsia'' from subfamily Smutsiinae),
as well as
extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
Fayum pangolin.
Classification and phylogeny
History of classification
All species of living pangolin had been assigned to the genus ''Manis'' until the late 2000s, when research prompted the splitting of extant pangolins into three genera: ''
Manis'', ''
Phataginus
African tree pangolin (''Phataginus'') is a genus of African pangolins from subfamily small African pangolins (Phatagininae), within family Manidae. Its members are the more arboreal of the African pangolins.
The number of illegally trafficke ...
'', and ''
Smutsia''.
Taxonomy
* Family: Manidae (pangolins)
** Subfamily:
Maninae (Gray, 1821)
*** Genus: ''
Manis''
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Asiatic pangolins)
**** ''
Manis crassicaudata
The Indian pangolin (''Manis crassicaudata''), also called thick-tailed pangolin and scaly anteater is a pangolin native to the Indian subcontinent.
Like other pangolins, it has large, overlapping scales on its body which act as armour. The colou ...
''
(Gray, 1827) (Indian pangolin)
**** ''
Manis pentadactyla''
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Chinese pangolin)
**** ''Manis'' sp. (''Scale_H4'' & ''Scale_H8'')
[Jingyang Hu, Christian Roos, Xue Lv, Weimin Kuang, Li Yu (2020.]
"Molecular Genetics Supports a Potential Fifth Asian Pangolin Species (Mammalia, Pholidota, ''Manis'')"
Zoological Science, 37(6):538-543
**** †''
Manis hungarica''
(Kormos, 1934)
**** †''
Manis lydekkeri''
(Dubois, 1908)
**** Subgenus: ''
Paramanis
''Manis'' is a genus of South Asian and East Asian pangolins, the Asiatic pangolins, from subfamily Maninae, within family Manidae.
Etymology
Carl Linnaeus (1758) invented the Neo-Latin generic name ''Manis'' apparently as a feminine singul ...
''
(Pocock, 1924)
***** ''
Manis javanica
The Sunda pangolin (''Manis javanica''), also known as the Malayan or Javan pangolin, is a species of pangolin.
It is found throughout Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and the islands of ...
''
(Desmarest, 1822) (Sunda pangolin)
***** ''
Manis culionensis''
(de Elera, 1895) (Philippine pangolin)
***** †''
Manis palaeojavanica''
(Dubois, 1907) (giant asian pangolin)
** Subfamily:
Phatagininae (Gaubert, 2017) (small African pangolins)
*** Genus: ''
Phataginus
African tree pangolin (''Phataginus'') is a genus of African pangolins from subfamily small African pangolins (Phatagininae), within family Manidae. Its members are the more arboreal of the African pangolins.
The number of illegally trafficke ...
''
(Rafinesque, 1821) (African tree pangolins)
**** ''
Phataginus tetradactyla''
(Linnaeus, 1766) (long-tailed pangolin)
**** ''
Phataginus tricuspis''
(Rafinesque, 1821) (tree pangolin)
** Subfamily:
Smutsiinae (Gray, 1873) (large African pangolins)
*** Genus: ''
Smutsia''
(Gray, 1865) (African ground pangolins)
**** ''
Smutsia gigantea''
(Illiger, 1815) (giant pangolin)
**** ''
Smutsia temmincki''
(Smuts, 1832) (ground pangolin)
**** †''
Smutsia olteniensis''
(Terhune, 2021)
** ''
Incertae sedis''
*** †Manidae sp.
PC 3972 and DPC 4364(Gebo & Rasmussen, 1985) (Fayum pangolin)
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within superfamily Manoidea.
References
External links
ZSL Pangolin Conservation Pangolin: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife FoundationTree of Life of Pholidota''National Geographic'' video of a pangolinProceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia(PDF)
The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis(PDF)
*
''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'', March 6, 2020.
Pangolins
Mammal families
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
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