Majhi (

Shahmukhi Shahmukhi (, ) is a Perso-Arabic alphabet script used historically by Punjabi Muslims (primarily in present-day Pakistani Punjab) to write the Punjabi language. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq calligraphic hand, which is also used f ...

Gurmukhi Gurmukhī ( pa, ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ, , Shahmukhi: ) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). It is used by Punjabi Sikhs to write the language, commonly ...

: ) is the standard dialect of Punjabi and is spoken in the

Majha Majha (Punjabi: ਮਾਝਾ (Gurmukhi), (Shahmukhi); ''Mājhā'') is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region split between India and Pakistan. It extends north from the right banks of the river Beas, and reaches ...

region of the

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi Language, Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also Romanization, romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the I ...

. The two most important cities in this area are

Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th List of largest cities, most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is th ...

and

Amritsar Amritsar (), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ''Ambarsar'', is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre, located in the Majha ...

Notable features

- Use of 'ḍéa' (ਡਿਆ/) in continuous tenses: - Alternate auxiliary verbs 'Han' (ਹਨ/) is never used in spoken Majhi, 'Ne' or 'San' (ਨੇ ,ਸਨ/) is used instead. E.g. Oh karde ne (ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਨੇ / ) First person singular 'ã' or 'Je' (ਵਾਂ/ਆਂ, ਜੇ/ ) is used. E.g. Mɛ̃ karnã, Mɛ̃ karna waañ (ਮੈਂ ਕਰਨਾਂ / ਮੈਂ ਕਰਨਾ ਵਾਂ / ) Third person singular 'ee' or 'ae' (ਈ/ਵੇ , ਏ / ) is used. E.g. Oh karda ee (ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਈ / ) (ਓਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਵੇ/ਏ) Sometimes when people speak fast 'ਅਸੀ-asi' is pronounced as 'ਅਹੀ/ਅਹੀਂ- ahi' in majhi Punjabi (in majhi speaking area) and 'SaaDa' as 'haaDa' but not always. This is more common in Indian majhi speaking areas and less in the Pakistan Punjabi majha area (but it is used in majhi and some people speak majhi without using 'ahi' or 'haada' and they pronounce as 'asi' or 'Saada'. 'ਹੈਗਾ ਸੀ'/ਹੈ ਸੀ (haiga si/hai si) is used instead of 'Sīgā', 'ਸੀਗਾ' in pure majhi dialect. In majhi Punjabi - 'Yours-ਤੁਆਡਾ/ਤਵਾਡਾ/ਤਾਡਾ/ਤੁਹਾਡਾ' (tuaada/tavaada/taada/tuhaada) Examples of majhi:-(1) ਤੂੰ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੈਂ (توں جاندا سیں)- Tuñ jaanda saiñ, (2) ਮੈਂ ਪਹਿਲੋਂ ਈ ਆਖਦਾ ਸਾਂ (میں پہیلوں ای آکھدا ساں) - Main pehlo e aakhda saañ, (3) ਓਦਣ ਭਰਜਾਈ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਸਣ/ਸਨ (اودن بھرجائی کتھے سن) - ohdan bharjaee kithe san 'ਐਂਜ' (ainj-ainve), 'ਉਂਜ' (unj-oveñ), 'ਕੈਂਜ' (kinj-kiveñ), 'ਜੈਂਜ' (jainj-jiveñ) is ninety five percent majhi Punjabi's use instead of ਐਦਾਂ (aidañ), ਓਦਾਂ (odaañ), ਕਿੱਦਾ (kiddañ), ਜਿੱਦਾਂ (jiddañ) is not commonly used in majhi Punjabi. - Sporadic use of na- verb ending instead of da- ending - Absent subject realised in auxiliary verb ਕੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਈ : What have you (sing.) done? ਕੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਜੇ : What have you (sing. formal or plu.) done? ਕੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੂ : What has he/she done? ਕੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਨੇ : What have they done? ਲੜਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਸਾਈ : You (sing.) made a fight. ਲੜਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਸਾਜੇ : You (sing. formal or plu.) made a fight ਲੜਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਸਾਸੂ : He/She made a fight. ਲੜਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਸਨ ਨੇ: They made a fight.

References

Punjabi dialects Languages of India Languages of Punjab, India Languages of Punjab, Pakistan {{IndoAryan-lang-stub