Mahmoud Ezzat Ibrahim ( ar, محمود عزت إبراهيم; also sometimes spelled "Mahmoud Izzat"; born 13 August 1944) is the former acting general guide of the

Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood ( ar, جماعة الاخوان المسلمين ''jamāʿat /al-ikhwan/el-ekhwan al-muslimīn'', ) is a Sunni Islamist religious, political, and social movement,Eric Trager,The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood" ...

and one of the most prominent leaders of the

Muslim Brotherhood The Society of the Muslim Brothers ( ar, جماعة الإخوان المسلمين'' ''), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( ', is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan ...

. Historian

Fawaz Gerges Fawaz (sometimes, Fawwaz or Fawez) is a masculine Arabic given name and a surname. Its literal meaning is "winner", as it is the masculine adjective from the verb ''fāz'', meaning "he won". Therefore, it can be thought of as the equivalent to the ...

describes his role as "akin to chief of staff of the Ikhwan uslim Brotherhood"

Personal life

Ezzat was born on August 13, 1944 in

Zagazig Zagazig ( ar, الزقازيق ' , rural: ) is a city in Lower Egypt. Situated in the eastern part of the Nile delta, it is the capital of the governorate of Sharqia. It is located on the Muweis Canal and is a hub of the corn and cott ...

Sharqia Governorate Sharqia Governorate ( ar, محافظة الشرقية ', , rural: ) is the 3rd most populous of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the northern part of the country, its capital is the city of Zagazig. Overview Bilbeis is the former capital ...

. He is a member of the group's counseling office, and a professor at the Faculty of Medicine at

Zagazig University Zagazig University ( ar, جامعة الزقازيق) is a public university located in the city of Zagazig, Egypt. Notable alumni *Hany Mohammed Diab – actress *Ayman Al-Hendy – academic, scientist *Muntaser Ibrahim – geneticist See also ...

. He is married to the daughter of former supreme guide

Mahdi Akef Mohammed Mahdi Akef ( ar, محمد مهدي عاكف; July 12, 1928 – September 22, 2017) was the head of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Egypt-based Islamic political movement, from 2004 until 2010. He assumed the post, that of "general guide" ( ar ...

and has five children with her.

Education

*Finished high school in 1960. *He received his Bachelor of Medicine in 1975. *And Masters in 1980. *And Ph.D. in 1985 from Zagazig University. *Obtained a diploma from the Institute of Islamic Studies in 1998 *And a license to recite Quran from the Recitation Institute in 1999.

Early Muslim Brotherhood links

He got acquainted with the

as a boy in 1953. He enrolled in the (Brotherhood) class in 1962 and was one of the disciples of

Sayyid Qutb Sayyid 'Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn Quṭb ( or ; , ; ar, سيد قطب إبراهيم حسين ''Sayyid Quṭb''; 9 October 1906 – 29 August 1966), known popularly as Sayyid Qutb ( ar, سيد قطب), was an Egyptians, Egyptian author, educato ...

. He was a student in the Faculty of Medicine when he was arrested in 1965. He was sentenced to ten years and was released in 1974. He was a fourth year student at the time. He completed his studies and graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in 1976, and his connection to the advocacy work in Egypt - especially with the well educated students - remained until he went to work in

Sanaa University Sana'a University ( ) was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen), now the Republic of Yemen (see also Aden University). It is located in Sanaa, the capital of Yemen, and is currently o ...

in the laboratory department in 1981, and then traveled to

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

to complete his doctoral thesis. He then returned to Egypt and obtained his doctorate from

in 1985. He was chosen as a member of the Guidance Office in 1981.

Imprisonment

* He was arrested in 1965 and spent nine years in prison. * He was arrested in May 1993 pending investigation into the Brotherhood case known as the Salsabeel case. * In 1995, he was imprisoned for being a leader of an illegal organization. * He was arrested on January 2, 2009 for participating in a demonstration in the center of

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

protesting against the Israeli attack on the Gaza Strip.الشرطة بمصر تقبض على أعضاء في جماعة الإخوان قبل احتجاجات غزة

Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters Corporation. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was estab ...

* On 28 August 2020, Ezzat was arrested during an apartment raid in Cairo, and was succeeded by

Ibrahim Munir Ahmed Ibrahim Munir Mustafa ( ar, أحمد إبراهيم منير مصطفى; 1 June 1937 – 4 November 2022), known popularly as Ibrahim Munir ( ar, إبراهيم منير), was the Secretary General of the International Organisation of the ...

as the acting general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. * On 8 April 2021, he was convicted on "terror" charges, and sentenced to

life in prison Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted people are to remain in prison for the rest of their natural lives or indefinitely until pardoned, paroled, or otherwise commuted to a fixed term. Crimes for ...

Scientific Interests

*Much research and activity in the field of hospital infection resistance in

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...

. *Much research into epidemic diseases in Egypt, such as

meningitis Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Other symptoms include confusion or ...

and

cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and ...

. *Advocacy interests in the field of education, students, public work,

human rights Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for ce ...

, and medical charitable work. *Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Islamic Medical Association.

Appointment as Acting Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood

After the arrest of

Mohammed Badie Mohammed Badie ( ar, محمد بديع ', ; born 7 August 1943) is the eighth Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood. He has headed the Egyptian branch of the international Muslim Brotherhood organization since 2010. Before becoming general gu ...

on August 20, 2013, the

appointed Mahmoud Ezzat as the acting guide.

Judgments in absentia

Mahmoud Ezzat was issued a number of judgments in absentia in several cases: * On December 19, 2021, Egypt's State Security Assize Court upheld the death sentence on the former acting Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Leader. He was charged with "foreign intelligence" and "acts of terrorism and sabotage". * The case of the “Al-Sharainah cell in Minya”: The Minya Criminal Court ruled, on 18 August 2020, that the deputy guide of

Mahmoud Ezzat and seven others were sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia for “inciting violence and inciting riots” and possessing publications that would incite disturbing public opinion." * Prison break case: On June 16, 2015, the Cairo Criminal Court issued a judgment in absentia to execute Mahmoud Ezzat and 92 others, accused of escaping from Wadi el-Natrun Prison after breaking out of the prison in 2011. * The "Guidance Office Events" case: He was sentenced to life imprisonment. * Communication case: The Criminal Court of

Nasr City Nasr City ( ar, مدينة نصر ) is a district of Cairo, Egypt. It is located to the east of the Cairo Governorate and consists mostly of condominia. It was established in the 1960s as an extension to neighboring settlement of Heliop ...

, in absentia, sentenced Mahmoud Ezzat to death for accusing him of communicating with

Hamas Hamas (, ; , ; an acronym of , "Islamic Resistance Movement") is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist, militant, and nationalist organization. It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Bri ...

References

External links

الأمين العام لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين في حوارٍ صريحٍ جدًّا
� إخوان أون لاين, 23 أكتوبر 2007م

Bela Hodod ''Bela Hodod'' ( ar, بلا حدود, bi-lā ḥudūd, meaning "without borders"), an Arab live television talk show was from Cairo, which airs on Al Jazeera weekly. It is presented by Ahmed Mansour. The program airs every Wednesday at 22:05 Mec ...

Al Jazeera Al Jazeera ( ar, الجزيرة, translit-std=DIN, translit=al-jazīrah, , "The Island") is a state-owned Arabic-language international radio and TV broadcaster of Qatar. It is based in Doha and operated by the media conglomerate Al Jazeera ...

, 16 December 2009 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ezzat, Mahmoud 1944 births Egyptian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leaders Living people People from Zagazig Zagazig University alumni Egyptian infectious disease physicians Egyptian politicians convicted of crimes Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Egypt