Ma'anyan people
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Ma'anyan (colonial spelling Maanjan or Meanjan), Dayak Maanyan or Eastern Barito Dayak people are a sub-ethnic group of the
Dayak people The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each ...
indigenous to
Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...
. They are also considered as part of the east Barito Dusun group with the name Dusun Ma'anyan. According to J. Mallinckrodt (1927), the Dusun people group is part of the Ot Danum people cluster, although later that theory was disproved by A. B. Hudson (1967), who argues that the Ma'anyan people are a branch of the Barito family. The Ma'anyan people who are often referred to as
Dayak people The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each ...
are also referred to as Dayak Ma'anyan. The Dayak Ma'anyan people inhabit the east side of
Central Kalimantan Central Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million, while the 2 ...
, especially in the
East Barito Regency East Barito Regency ( id, Kabupaten Barito Timur) is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The town of Tamiang Layang is the capital of East Barito Regency, w ...
and parts of South Barito Regency which are grouped as Ma'anyan I. The Dayak Ma'anyan people also inhabit the northern parts of
South Kalimantan South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it wa ...
, especially in
Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeas ...
which refers to the Dayak Warukin people. The Dayak Balangan people or Dusun Balangan people which are found in the
Balangan Regency Balangan Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan. It was created on 25 February 2003 from what were previously the eastern districts of North Hulu Sungai Regency. It now covers an area of 1,828.51 km2, and ...
and the Dayak Samihim people that are found in the
Kotabaru Regency Kotabaru Regency is one of the eleven Regencies of Indonesia, regencies in the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of South Kalimantan. It consists of two parts; the smaller but more populated part comprises Laut Island , the largest islan ...
are grouped together with the Dayak Ma'anyan people group. The Dayak Ma'anyan people in South Kalimantan are grouped as Ma'anyan II. Administratively, the Ma'anyan people have just recently appeared in the 2000 census and made up 2.8% of the Central Kalimantan population; previously the Ma'anyan people were grouped together with the Dayak people in the 1930 census. The uniqueness of the Dusun Ma'anyan people among others are agriculture, elaborate funeral ceremonies, and having shaman to treat their disease.


History

The independent state of Nansarunai, established by the Ma'anyan prior to the 12th century, flourished in southern Kalimantan. The kingdom suffered two major attacks from the
Majapahit Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
forces that caused the decline and fall of the kingdom by the year 1389; the attacks are known as ''Nansarunai Usak Jawa'' (meaning "the destruction of the Nansarunai by the Javanese") in the oral accounts of the Ma'anyan people. These attacks contributed to the migration of the Ma'anyans to the Central and South Borneo region. Ma'anyan people (or other indigenous people of Kalimantan closely related to the Ma'anyans) were brought as labourer and slaves by Malay and Javanese in their trading fleets, which reached Madagascar by ca. 50–500 AD. The Malagasy language originated from the Southeast
Barito language The Barito languages are around twenty Austronesian languages of Indonesia (Borneo), Southern Philippines, plus Malagasy, the national language of Madagascar. They are named after the Barito River located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The ...
, and the
Ma'anyan language Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the province of Central Kalimantan and South Kalimant ...
is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords. In the oral literature of the Ma'anyan people, after the Nan Sarunai kingdom was attacked by the
Majapahit kingdom Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia) ...
, the Ma'anyan people broke up into several sub-group. Among the sub-groups, they are:- * Ma'anyan Paku * Ma'anyan Paju Epat/Ampat or Ma'anyan Siong * Ma'anyan Dayu Lasi Muda * Ma'anyan Paju Sapuluh of Kampung Sapuluh (had Banjarese influence) * Ma'anyan Banua Lima or Paju Dime (had Banjarese influence) ** Ma'anyan Warukin (had Banjarese influence) ** Ma'anyan Jangkung (extinct and had Banjarese influence) According to the Ma'anyan people, before they had begun occupying the current regions, they came from the downstream of
South Kalimantan South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it wa ...
. Although today the
East Barito Regency East Barito Regency ( id, Kabupaten Barito Timur) is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The town of Tamiang Layang is the capital of East Barito Regency, w ...
is not part of the
South Kalimantan South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it wa ...
province, that region in the past was the last region to be a part of the
Banjar sultanate Sultanate of Banjar or Sultanate of Banjarmasin ( Banjar: كسلطانن بنجر, Kasultanan Banjar) was a sultanate located in what is today the South Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. For most of its history, its capital was at Banjarma ...
before it was annexed to the
Dutch Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...
in 1860. It was a region of the
Banjar sultanate Sultanate of Banjar or Sultanate of Banjarmasin ( Banjar: كسلطانن بنجر, Kasultanan Banjar) was a sultanate located in what is today the South Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. For most of its history, its capital was at Banjarma ...
that had shrunk and was land-locked as it was surrounded by other
Dutch Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...
territories.


Culture


Language

The
Ma'anyan language Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the province of Central Kalimantan and South Kalimant ...
shares many similarities with the languages in
Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
. Examples of Ma'anyan words are:-


Organization

The organization of the Ma'anyan people is "Dusmala" which combines three
Dayak people The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each ...
sub-group which are
Dusun people Dusun is the collective name of a tribe or ethnic and linguistic group in the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic group in Sabah. Dusun has been recognised as among the indigenous community of ...
, Ma'anyan people and
Lawangan people Lawangan or Luangan people are a sub-ethnic of the Dayak Dusun people (East Barito) group, sometimes also referred to as Dusun Lawangan or Dayak Lawangan. The Lawangan people inhabit the eastern side of Central Kalimantan and West Kutai Regency, ...
.


Traditional folk song


Tumpi Wayu

Tataku Balinga

Miheput

Ngano


Traditional dance


Tari Giring-Giring


Traditional ceremony

* Aruh Buntang


Food

* Bagamat, a giant bat meat gravy cooked with garlic and various vegetables. * Kalumpe or Karuang by the
Ngaju people The Ngaju people (also Ngaju Dayak or Dayak Ngaju or Biaju) are an indigenous ethnic group of Borneo from the Dayak group. In a census from 2000, when they were first listed as a separate ethnic group, they made up 18.02% of the population of C ...
, a pounded
Cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively ...
leaf salad mixed with eggplant, lemongrass, onion and garlic.


Ma'anyan people in Tabalong Regency and Balangan Regency in South Kalimantan

The Dayak Ma'anyan Warukin people whom are often referred as Dayak Warukin people are the sub-ethnic of the Ma'anyan people group living in villages such as Warukin, Haus and its surrounding in
Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeas ...
,
South Kalimantan South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it wa ...
. The settlements of the Dayak Warukin are found in regions where its surroundings are Banjarese settlements. The Dayak Warukin in Warukin village in
Tanta District Tanta District is one of thirty-three districts of the province Yauyos in Peru. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Banco de Información Distrital''. Retrieved April 11, 2008. Its seat is the village Tanta. Geography The Cordill ...
,
Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeas ...
are part of the Ma'anyan Banua Lima people. The Ma'anyan Banua Lima people are a sub-ethnic of the Ma'anyan people found in Banua Lima,
East Barito Regency East Barito Regency ( id, Kabupaten Barito Timur) is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The town of Tamiang Layang is the capital of East Barito Regency, w ...
. The original name of the people was Ma'anyan Paju Lima. The word "Banua" (literally means, continent) came from the
Banjar language The Banjar or Banjarese (; ) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to  Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the lingua f ...
. The funeral ceremony of the Dayak Warukin people according to the
Kaharingan ''Kaharingan'' is an indigenous animistic folk religion of the Katingan, Lawangan, Ma'anyan, Ngaju, and Ot Danum people native to the Central Kalimantan region in Indonesia. The word means something like ''Way of the life'', and this belie ...
religion is called ''mambatur'', or ''marabia'' for the Ma'anyan Banua Lima people. The similarities of the Ma'anyan Warukin language with the
Banjar language The Banjar or Banjarese (; ) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to  Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the lingua f ...
of Kuala Lupak are about 50%. While the similarities of the Ma'anyan Warukin language with the
Banjar language The Banjar or Banjarese (; ) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to  Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the lingua f ...
of Asam-Asam village are about 57%. There are four regions of Dayak culture in
Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeas ...
, where one of its region is of Dayak Ma'anyan culture, namely:- * Cultural region of Dayak Ma'anyan in Warukin village. * Cultural region of Dayak Deyah of Kampung Sapuluh, which covers ten villages in Upau, Haruai and Bintang Ara districts. * Cultural region of Dayak Deyah of Muara Uya and Jaro. * Cultural region of Dayak Lawangan of Binjai village. Outside of the four Dayak cultural regions in
Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeas ...
, there are also
Banjar people The Banjar or Banjarese ( bjn, Urang Banjar; ) are an indigenous ethnic group native to the Banjar regions (notably Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, etc.) in the southeastern Kalimantan hemisphere of Indonesia. Nowadays, Banjarese di ...
who form as the majority of the
Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeas ...
population and these
Banjar people The Banjar or Banjarese ( bjn, Urang Banjar; ) are an indigenous ethnic group native to the Banjar regions (notably Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, etc.) in the southeastern Kalimantan hemisphere of Indonesia. Nowadays, Banjarese di ...
are not bound by Dayak customary laws.


References


External links


Asal usul Suku Maanyan
*
Kamus Bahasa Maanyan - Bahasa Inggris
*

* ttp://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch04.html Borneo as a Cross-Roads for Comparative Austronesian Linguistics by Alexander Adelaar
Sejarah Singkat Maanyan


* ttp://bahasamaanyan.blogspot.com/2008/08/orang-merina-madagaskar-di-afrika.html Orang Merina Madagaskar di Afrika Berasal dari Suku Dayak atau Bugis {{Authority control Dayak people Ethnic groups in Indonesia