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Mộc Châu ə̰ʔwk˨˩:ʨəw˧˧is a
ward Ward may refer to: Division or unit * Hospital ward, a hospital division, floor, or room set aside for a particular class or group of patients, for example the psychiatric ward * Prison ward, a division of a penal institution such as a pris ...
of
Sơn La province Sơn La is a province nestled in the Northwestern region of Vietnam. In 2018, Sơn La ranked 31st among Vietnam's administrative units in terms of population, 40th in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 49th in GRDP per capita, and 63rd in GR ...
in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region of
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
.


History


Middle Ages

Its name Mộc-châu in Kinh language is originated from ''Mueang Mol'' (Mường Mỗi, means "barbarianland") in the Black Tai language. This word is used to refer to the Xá ethnic groups, who are the ancient owners of the territory. After being expelled from Mộc Châu, they transformed into Mường people. During the Lý–Trần dynasties, the land where Mộc Châu is now the Southern part of Đà Giang province (Đà-giang đạo) of the Annamese Empire, although it was still completely independent in reality. A leader was well known in Annamese history called as Trịnh Giốc Mật. Previously, the strip of land from Mộc Châu to Mai Châu was once considered one and had no official name. Until the end of the
Early Lê dynasty Early may refer to: Places in the United States * Early, Iowa, a city * Early, Texas, a city * Early Branch, a stream in Missouri * Early County, Georgia * Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort Music * Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
, or the XVII century, this area was divided into three parts : Mộc Châu belonged to Black Tai leaders (Taydam), and Mai Châu for the White Tai ones (Taykhao), in addition to a few of villages in the Southernmost became the part of
Xam Neua Xam Neua (, , sometimes transcribed as ''Sam Nuea'' or ''Samneua'', literally 'northern swamp'; ), is the capital of Houaphanh Province, Laos. History After fleeing from Phrae, deposed king Phiriya Thepphawong escaped from Northern Thailand to ...
(
Muang Phuan Muang Phuan (, ; ; Country of Phuan) or Xieng Khouang (, ; ), also known historically to the Vietnamese as Trấn Ninh (chữ Hán: 鎮寧; lit. "securement of peace"), was a historical principality on the Xiang Khouang Plateau, which constitut ...
kingdom). The situation like this was almost kept until the
Nguyễn dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883 ...
completely weakened by the pressure of the French colonialists.


XX century

During the French colonial period, Mộc Châu's leadership clans were recognized by the French government in
Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...
with limited autonomy within the
Tai Federation The Sip Song Chau TaiOther spellings include: Sip Song Chau Thai, Sipsong Chuthai, Sipsong Chu Tai, Sip Song Chu Tai, Sipsongchuthai, Sip Song Chu Thai, Sipsong Chau Tai, Sip Song Chao Thai, Sipsong Chao Tai, Sipsongchutai, Sipsong Chao Thai. ("Tw ...
. They were allowed to have their own
flag A flag is a piece of textile, fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and fla ...
s and guards. Currently, the Sơn La Provincial Museum still stores some black
flag A flag is a piece of textile, fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and fla ...
s with embroidered white
snake Snakes are elongated limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes (). Cladistically squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales much like other members of the group. Many species of snakes have s ...
s, which are symbols of the land. In the 1952 Nasan campaign ("
cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava, manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although ...
field" in Tai language), Mộc Châu was used by
Vietminh The Việt Minh (, ) is the common and abbreviated name of the League for Independence of Vietnam ( or , ; ), which was a communist-led national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Vi� ...
forces as a military supply center to quickly cut off the "stomach" of the French armies ( CEFEO) in the Northwest region.


XXI century

On November 14, 2023, the National Assembly Standing Committee of Vietnam issued the Resolution 1280/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in
Sơn La province Sơn La is a province nestled in the Northwestern region of Vietnam. In 2018, Sơn La ranked 31st among Vietnam's administrative units in terms of population, 40th in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 49th in GRDP per capita, and 63rd in GR ...
in the period of 2023–2025. Accordingly, officially establishing Mộc-châu Town (thị xã Mộc Châu) on the basis of the entire natural area is 1,072.09 km2 and the population size is 148,259 people of old Mộc-châu Rural District. Regarding affiliated administrative units, Mộc-châu Town has 15 commune-level administrative units, including 8
ward Ward may refer to: Division or unit * Hospital ward, a hospital division, floor, or room set aside for a particular class or group of patients, for example the psychiatric ward * Prison ward, a division of a penal institution such as a pris ...
s and 7 communes. On November 25, Sơn La Provincial People's Committee held a press conference and reached agreement that it would hold the ''Ceremony to announce the establishment of Mộc-châu Town on January 18, 2025''. On April 16, 2025, to meet the criteria of the ''
Plan to arrange and merge administrative units in Vietnam 2024–2025 As part of Vietnam's 2024–2025 Institutional Reforms, the governing Communist Party of Vietnam, Communist Party and Government of Vietnam, Government have officially announced the Plan to Arrange and Merge Administrative Units (). As part of th ...
'' by the
Government of Vietnam The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (; less formally the Vietnamese Government or the Government of Vietnam, ) is the Cabinet (government), cabinet and the central Executive (government), executive arm of the Politics of Vietn ...
, the Sơn La Provincial People's Committee convened an extended conference. The result of the conference was a Resolution on the dissolution of all district level
administrative unit Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divi ...
s in the whole province, followed by another Resolution on the merger of
communes A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...
wards and the establishment of new communes–wards with their new names. According to the political document officially published for the press, Mộc Châu Town was also dissolved. Its entire area and demography have been divided to four wards Mộc Châu, Mộc Sơn, Vân Sơn, Thảo Nguyên for affiliation of Sơn La City, and four communes Đoàn Kết, Lóng Sập, Chiềng Sơn, Tân Yên for affiliation of
Sơn La Province Sơn La is a province nestled in the Northwestern region of Vietnam. In 2018, Sơn La ranked 31st among Vietnam's administrative units in terms of population, 40th in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 49th in GRDP per capita, and 63rd in GR ...
. Accordingly, Mộc-châu WardNhân dân Sơn La biểu quyết phương án sắp xếp tổ chức đơn vị hành chính cấp xã
/ref> (phường Mộc Châu) has been established based on the consolidation of Chiềng Hắc commune and former wards Mộc Lỵ and Mường Sang. This new administrative unit inherits most of the cultural and historical heritage of the former town.


Culture

The name of Mộc-châu (Mueang-mol) has been mentioned in the famous
epics Epic commonly refers to: * Epic poetry, a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation * Epic film, a genre of film defined by the spectacular presentation of human drama on a grandiose scale Epic(s) ...
'' Táy pú xớc'' and ''Quắm tố mướng'' of White Tai people about XVII century. According to the middle-ages legend, Mộc Châu is the venue that used to take place a
horse race Horse racing is an equestrian performance activity, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its bas ...
to divide the border line between the Black Tai people and the Xá ethnic groups. The Tai men used a newly born
horse The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 mi ...
to participate in the competition, and as a result, they won to chase the Xá people to step back to
Hòa Bình province Hòa Bình or Hoà Bình (see tone marks) was a former mountainous province of Vietnam, located in the nation's Northwest region. It borders Phú Thọ province and Sơn La province to the northwest, Hanoi to the northeast, Hà Nam province to ...
. Currently, grass horse racing is an annual
festival A festival is an event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, Melā, mela, or Muslim holidays, eid. A ...
held on every
Lunar New Year Lunar New Year is the beginning of a new year based on lunar calendars or, informally, lunisolar calendars. Lunar calendar years begin with a new moon and have a fixed number of lunar months, usually twelve, in contrast to lunisolar calendar ye ...
. Mộc Châu is popular with Vietnamese and international tourists for its hill tribes such as White & Black Thai People and Muong People, the green tea hills, Mộc Châu milk, the natural landscape of Giải Yếm waterfalls, Hill Pine and Orchid Garden flowers. This commune-level administrative units takes five hours driving, with a distance of from
Hà Nội Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...
to Sơn La City.


Geography

Mộc Châu Ward (Phường Mộc-châu) is 200 kilometers from the capital of
Hanoi Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...
. As of 2019 it had a population of 114,460. The ward covers an area of 1,081.66 km2, ranking 1st among wards of Sơn La province. Moc Chau belongs to the highland landscape class in the horizontal classification system of Vietnamese landscape, with characteristics of climate, ecology and human life. Moc Chau is distributed on the terrain with an average elevation of more than 1,050 m above the sea level. The annual average temperature of Moc Chau is 18.7 °C, it has cool climate due to lying between the Đà River (northeast) and Mã River (southwest). These two river systems act as two natural air conditioning systems. At the same time, Moc Chau has a high climate division along the belt, so it has both the characteristics of the subtropical and temperate highland climate, which is very convenient for developing tourism for the whole year.


Climate


Landspaces

File:Moc-chau-tea-doi-2094890 960 720.jpg File:Thacdaiyem.jpg File:Mộc Châu District, Vietnam (Unsplash).jpg


See also

* Mai Châu * Ba Vì


Notes and references


Notes


References


Further reading


Bibliography

*
George Coedes George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Gior ...
. ''The Making of South East Asia'', 2nd ed.
University of California The University of California (UC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university, research university system in the U.S. state of California. Headquartered in Oakland, California, Oakland, the system is co ...
Press, 1983. * Trần Ngọc Thêm. ''Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam'' (The Foundation of Vietnamese Culture), 504 pages. Publishing by Nhà xuất bản Đại học Tổng hợp TPHCM.
Saigon Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) ('','' TP.HCM; ), commonly known as Saigon (; ), is the most populous city in Vietnam with a population of around 14 million in 2025. The city's geography is defined by rivers and canals, of which the largest is Saigo ...
,
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
, 1995. * Li Tana (2011). ''Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han period Tongking Gulf''. In Cooke, Nola ; Li Tana ; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 9780812205022. * Li Tana,
Towards an environmental history of the eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400
',
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies The ''Journal of Southeast Asian Studies'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering scholarly studies on Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, East Timor, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). It ...
, 2014. * Samuel Baron, Christoforo Borri, Olga Dror, Keith W. Taylor (2018). ''Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin''. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.


External links


The final stage of the journey of Mộc Châu to become the town
(vi) {{DEFAULTSORT:Moc Chau Populated places in Sơn La province County-level towns in Vietnam