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Monica ( Portuguese: ''Mônica'') is a Brazilian
fictional character In fiction, a character (or speaker, in poetry) is a person or other being in a narrative (such as a novel, play, radio or television series, music, film, or video game). The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person, ...
and
Mauricio de Sousa Mauricio Araújo de Sousa (; born October 27, 1935) is a Brazilian cartoonist and businessman who has created over 200 characters for his popular series of children's comic books named "Turma da Mônica" or "Monica's Gang (Currently known as: M ...
's best-known creation. Introduced in 1963, she serves as the main
protagonist A protagonist () is the main character of a story. The protagonist makes key decisions that affect the plot, primarily influencing the story and propelling it forward, and is often the character who faces the most significant obstacles. If a st ...
and
title character The title character in a narrative work is one who is named or referred to in the title of the work. In a performed work such as a play or film, the performer who plays the title character is said to have the title role of the piece. The title of ...
of the ''
Monica and Friends ''Monica's Gang'' or ''Monica and Friends'' (Portuguese: ''Turma da Mônica''; British English: ''Monica & Friends'') is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa. The series originated in a newspaper comic ...
'' (''Turma da Mônica'') comic book series and
media franchise A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program or ...
. De Sousa based the character on his second daughter, also named
Monica Monica may refer to: People *Monica (actress) (born 1987), Indian film actress *Monica (given name), a given name (including a list of people and characters with the name) *Monica (singer) (born 1980), American R&B singer, songwriter, producer, ...
, with whom the fictional character shares some physical characteristics. In her first appearances, she was a supporting character to
Jimmy Five Jimmy Five, known as Cebolinha in Portuguese, is one of '' Monica and Friends'' main characters. He was created in 1960, at first as a support character for Franklin and Blu who the following year became the protagonist of his own series of new ...
, but was gradually made the principal character. An eponymous comic book series began publication from 1970.


Concept and creation

Monica was based on Mauricio de Sousa's daughter in childhood. The reason for her creation was due to a complaint of the lack of female characters in Mauricio comics. At that time, newspaper strips of
Blu Blu or BLU may refer to: Businesses and brands *Blu (Italian company), a telecommunications company *Blu Manga, an imprint of Tokyopop * blu eCigs, a brand of electronic cigarette owned by Imperial Tobacco *BLU Products, an American mobile phone m ...
and
Jimmy Five Jimmy Five, known as Cebolinha in Portuguese, is one of '' Monica and Friends'' main characters. He was created in 1960, at first as a support character for Franklin and Blu who the following year became the protagonist of his own series of new ...
were produced. When Monica made her first appearance was in a strip of Jimmy Five in 1963, at first as a secondary rival of main character. In the very first strips, Monica appeared as a 4-year-old little girl (who was sometimes considered Specs' younger sister). She behaved aggressively and was kind of a bully. She used to wear shoes and had an angry face. Monica's hair was influenced by a haircut her older daughter Mariângela gave her once when she was a kid. But Mauricio improved her visual over the years giving to Monica a cute and friendly appearance and making her more naive and kind. However her characteristic of beating the boys (mainly Jimmy Five) with her rabbit was maintained, only reversing the roles making the boys act as antagonists to Monica often creating plans to defeat her. For most of the 60s she was considered a supporting role for Jimmy Five, however her popularity increased significantly at the end of the same decade when Mauricio received a contract with the food company CICA (a defunct and now Unilever-owned Brazilian company) to use Monica and Thunder (another Mauricio de Sousa character) to appear in television commercials. With the popularity of Monica in the TV commercials in 1970 Mauricio made a new contract for a series of comic books with his characters, but with Monica as the title character instead of Jimmy Five.


Characteristics

Monica is a 7-year-old, toeless, strong and decisive girl, who does not tolerate impertinence, but at the same time, has her moments of femininity. She lives with her parents, has a little dog called Ditto (Monicão), and does not let go of her blue stuffed rabbit called Samson (Sansão). This rabbit, which she loves so dearly, is also a weapon against boys. Especially
Jimmy Five Jimmy Five, known as Cebolinha in Portuguese, is one of '' Monica and Friends'' main characters. He was created in 1960, at first as a support character for Franklin and Blu who the following year became the protagonist of his own series of new ...
(Cebolinha) and Smudge (Cascão), who are always teasing her and calling her roly-poly, toothy, and shorty. She is described as possessing powerful (usually even superhuman) strength, which she uses to fight boys who tease her or to defend herself and her friends. She is known by the other characters as the "ruler of the street". She is often at odds with Jimmy Five (Cebolinha), but backs him up whenever he gets into trouble. Monica's best friend is Maggy (Magali). Monica's also very shy to date boys, and she often causes trouble when she tries to talk or impress them. Her buckteeth (more precisely the maxillary central incisor) are her trademark, but also the main reason for people to call her toothy.


Relatives and friends


Parents

Monica is the daughter of ''Seu Sousa'' (lit. ''Mr. Sousa'') and ''Dona Luísa'' (lit. ''Mrs. Luísa''). Sousa is based on
Mauricio de Sousa Mauricio Araújo de Sousa (; born October 27, 1935) is a Brazilian cartoonist and businessman who has created over 200 characters for his popular series of children's comic books named "Turma da Mônica" or "Monica's Gang (Currently known as: M ...
himself (as his surname indicates), but he is a separate character. He works in a business company. Luísa is housewife, but also works as a designer for pieces of furniture. Unlike the other parents, Sousa and Luísa are the only ones who do not share any facial similarities with their child.


Samson

''Samson'' (''Sansão'', in the original) is Monica's blue rabbit toy. He is not only Monica's favorite toy but also the "weapon" that she uses on whoever calls her by names she doesn't like. Samson is a constant victim of Jimmy Five, Smudge or other boys who love to tie his ears in knots. Initially, he didn't have a name, "Samson" was suggested by Roberta Carpi, in 1983. It was based on a yellow toy rabbit stuffed with straw that the real Monica had when she was 2 years old. Originally in the very first strips Samson was also yellow, but was later changed to blue to match the new rabbit plush that Mauricio's daughter won in place of the old one in a TV show in her 7 years. In the first comic strips that appeared constantly was used as a weapon to beat and scare the boys of the neighborhood (mainly Jimmy Five). In a strip from the same time it was revealed that the reason boys were afraid of the rabbit was because Monica carried a brick inside him to beat them, but this idea was dropped over time when Monica went on to demonstrate super strength. In some old stories is also revealed that inside him lives an elf-like imp. The character also has a female pink counterpart called Dalila (lit. ''Delilah''), who rarely appears in comics and is used more in marketing. The real-life Samson was exposed in 2013 in a museum in honor of Monica's 50th birthday.


Ditto

''Ditto'' (''Monicão'' – a
portmanteau A portmanteau word, or portmanteau (, ) is a blend of wordsSmudge, who did not remember to bring one to Monica's party. Ditto looks so much like her (including the Banana-like hair and the prominent teeth) that the boys decided to buy it with the initial purpose of mocking her as soon as they saw the pooch on a pet shop window. However, their plan backfired, as both Ditto and Monica got along immediately and now stick together. Among the pets of Monica and Friends, Ditto is the most active. He is sometimes portrayed as having super strength, which often leads him or Monica to get into troublesome situations.


Other appearances


Monica Teen

Monica is one of the main protagonists of the spin-off
Monica Teen ''Monica Adventures'' (''Turma da Mônica Jovem'') is a Brazilian comic created in August 2008 by Mauricio de Sousa. The series features the characters from ''Monica's Gang'' as teenagers. In January 2019, the series began to be published in the ...
, published since 2008 by MSP and
Panini Comics Panini Comics is an Italian comic book publisher. A division of Panini Group, which also produces collectable stickers, it is headquartered in Modena, Italy. The company publishes comic books in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Hunga ...
. In this Japanese-style
comic a Media (communication), medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically the form of a sequence of Panel (comics), panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, Glo ...
-
manga Manga (Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term ''manga'' is u ...
Monica and her friends are now 15 years old and go to school at Limoeiro High (Lemon Tree High?). The very first edition shows a drastic change in Monica and her friends since childhood when they were 7 years old. Monica is brave and no longer tormented by the boys in Limoeiro even though she is still strong and temperamental. On the other hand, her buckteeth and hair stay the same. She develops a passion for Jimmy Five that ends up with them dating over the comics with many fights and jealousy in high-comedy misadventures. Despite having changed in some ways, she still has an adventurous spirit and continues to use her super strength to stop the enemies that appear. Later on, she joins her friends in a crossover with characters by Osamu Tezuka such as Princess Sapphire, Astro Boy and Kimba.


Video games

Monica starred in a series of games for
Master System The is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console manufactured by Sega. It was originally a remodeled export version of the Sega Mark III, the third iteration of the SG-1000 series of consoles, which was released in Japan in 1985 and ...
and
Sega Genesis The Sega Genesis, known as the outside North America, is a 16-bit Fourth generation of video game consoles, fourth generation home video game console developed and sold by Sega. It was Sega's third console and the successor to the Master Syst ...
developed by
TecToy Tec Toy S.A., trading as Tectoy since late 2007, is a Brazilian toy and electronics company headquartered in São Paulo. It is best known for producing, publishing, and distributing Sega consoles and video games in Brazil. The company was founde ...
. The games were based on the Wonder Boy franchise, and their adaptations were exclusive to Brazil. In the adaptations of these games, Monica and her friends replace the protagonists. In 2014, Monica was added by publisher Nurigo Games as a playable character in the Brazilian edition of Massive Multiplayer Online (MMO) race game Tales Runner. Monica is also one of the default playable characters in the 2018 game ''
Mônica e a Guarda dos Coelhos Monica (Portuguese: ''Mônica'') is a Brazilian fictional character and Mauricio de Sousa's best-known creation. Introduced in 1963, she serves as the main protagonist and title character of the ''Monica and Friends'' (''Turma da Mônica'') com ...
''.


Reception and legacy

Monica is often considered and referred to as the most popular character and icon in Brazilian comics and cartoons. The comic strip showing Monica's first appearance has become iconic and is often referenced even in modern Monica and Friends comics, in a similar way to Steamboat Willie for Mickey. In 1993 a special issue called "Mônica 30 Anos", of which celebrated the 30 years of the character was published, this edition besides comics showed curiosities about the origin of the character, an interview with the real Mauricio de Sousa's daughter and also arts made by other Brazilian artists (that served as inspiration for future Graphic Novels with other artists drawing the characters of Mauricio de Sousa). With the success of this issue, similar ones were launched in later years commemorating the 35, 40 and 50 years of the character. In 2013, during the character's 50th birthday celebration various old products, retro toys, books based in the character's history were sold, in addition to exhibitions and plays. The 50th anniversary was also celebrated by
Cartoon Network Cartoon Network (often abbreviated as CN) is an American cable television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. It is a part of The Cartoon Network, Inc., a division that also has the broadcasting and production activities of Boomerang, Car ...
in Brazil. In 2016 a Graphic Novel focused only on Monica entitled "Mônica - Força" was published, having been made by the artist
Bianca Pinheiro Bianca Pinheiro (Rio de Janeiro, September 21, 1987) is a Brazilian comics artist and illustrator. She graduated from Graphic Arts by UTFPR and did postgraduate studies in Comics by the Grupo Educacional Opet. Bianca began publishing webcomics i ...
, this Graphic Novel had a sequel in 2019 entitled "Mônica - Tesouros". In 2007, Monica became a Goodwill Ambassador for
UNICEF UNICEF (), originally called the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund in full, now officially United Nations Children's Fund, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing Humanitarianism, humanitarian and Devel ...
. However, the character was also the target of much criticism in the early years involving her great resemblance to Little Lulu, which was even considered the main rival for Monica in the sale of comics in Brazil until the 90s. In 2009, after the success of
Monica Teen ''Monica Adventures'' (''Turma da Mônica Jovem'') is a Brazilian comic created in August 2008 by Mauricio de Sousa. The series features the characters from ''Monica's Gang'' as teenagers. In January 2019, the series began to be published in the ...
, a comic book with a teen version of Little Lulu called Luluzinha Teen e sua Turma started to be published in response to Monica Teen.


Internet memes

In 2016 memes based on Monica's Gang started to become popular on the internet, originally through a
shitposting In Internet culture, shitposting, trashposting, or funposting is the act of using an online forum or social media page to post content that is satirical and of "aggressively, ironically, and trollishly poor quality", an online analog of trash ...
club on
Facebook Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin M ...
. One of the most popular memes that came up on Facebook was the "ATA" meme, consisting of the cover of "Almanaque da Mônica Nº 102" published in May 2004 by Globo. The cover shows Monica using a computer (showing the faces of the other characters) and breaking the fourth wall looking at the reader, in the meme the faces of the characters were erased and replaced with texts of responses to be used in comments on Facebook, the most popular being the "ata" (a corruption of "ah tá", a sarcastic way of speaking "okay" in Portuguese). The popularity of the meme with the overuse of the image through the comments on Facebook came to attract the attention of MSP and even the real Mônica Sousa who posted a photo imitating the meme.


References


External links


Official Monica’s Gang website
* {{Monica's Gang Monica's Gang Fictional characters based on real people Comics characters with superhuman strength Fictional Brazilian people Child characters in comics Child characters in television Comics characters introduced in 1963 Animated human characters Female characters in animation