Mélite
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''Mélite'', or ''The False Letters'', is a comedy in five acts by
Pierre Corneille Pierre Corneille (; 6 June 1606 – 1 October 1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine. As a young man, he earned the valuable patronag ...
. Written in 1625, it is Corneille's first play and debuted on stage in December 1629 in Berthaud’s
Jeu de paume ''Jeu de paume'' (, ; originally spelled ; ), nowadays known as real tennis, (US) court tennis or (in France) ''courte paume'', is a ball-and-court game that originated in France. It was an indoor precursor of tennis played without racquets, a ...
court, and was performed by the acting troupe of
Montdory Montdory, pseudonym of Guillaume des Gilberts (baptized 13 March 1594; died between 17 November 1653 and 14 November 1654), was a French actor manager, recognized as "the most powerful tragedian of his day."Roy 1995. Birth, family, and name Mon ...
. ''Mélite'' represents Corneille’s creation of a new genre, the
comedy of manners In English literature, the term comedy of manners (also anti-sentimental comedy) describes a genre of realistic, satirical comedy of the Restoration period (1660–1710) that questions and comments upon the manners and social conventions of a gre ...
, which was a departure from the coarse or buffoonish
farce Farce is a comedy that seeks to entertain an audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, ridiculous, absurd, and improbable. Farce is also characterized by heavy use of physical humor; the use of deliberate absurdity o ...
in vogue at the time.


Plot

It is said Corneille based his play on an actual event he witnessed.Charles Henry Conrad Wright, ''A history of French literature'' (Oxford university press, American branch, 1912), 310. The plot turns on “the misunderstandings of lovers misled by false letters.” Éraste is in love with Mélite. When Éraste introduces Mélite to his friend Tircis, Mélite falls in love with Tircis. As a result, Éraste forges some
love letter A love letter is an expression of love in written form. However delivered, the letter may be anything from a short and simple message of love to a lengthy explanation and description of feelings. History One of the oldest references to a lo ...
s and sends them to Philandre as if they had come from Mélite.Gustave L. van Roosbroeck, “A Commonplace in Corneille's ‘Mélite’: The Madness of Éraste,” ''Modern Philology'', Vol. 17, No. 3 (Jul., 1919), p. 141. The plan succeeds initially, as Tircis sees Philandre bearing these false letters and believes that Mélite is in love with Philandre. Tircis runs away in despair, and Mélite faints when she hears of this. Now remorseful, Éraste goes mad and suffers from a delusion that he is in hell. Éraste searches for Mélite until he recovers from his madness. Éraste subsequently recovers and finds that Tircis and Mélite are set on marrying one another. Éraste confesses his acts and seeks pardon, and ultimately marries Cloris, Tircis’ sister.


References


Bibliography

* Madeleine Bertrand, « Corneille, homme de son temps: Le Thème de l’inconstance dans Mélite et Clitandre », ''L’Information littéraire'', jan.-fév. 1982, n° 34 (1), p. 6–11. * E. Brooks, « Sur la ''Mélite'' de Corneille : une dramaturgie réussie », ''Revue d’Histoire du Théâtre'', avr.-juin 1984, n° 36 (2), p. 192–199. * Ziad Elmarsafy, « Real Selves and False Letters in Corneille’s ''Mélite'' », ''La Spiritualité/L’Épistolaire/Le Merveilleux au Grand Siècle'', Tübingen, Narr, 2003, p. 169-77. * Robert Garapon, « Le Premier Corneille : de ''Mélite'' à ''L’Illusion comique'' », Paris, CDU-Sedes, 1982. * Joseph Harris, « Corneille Confronts the Ridiculous: ''Mélite'' », ''Nottingham French Studies'', Spring 2007, n° 46 (1), p. 17–27. * Lawrence E. Harvey, « The Denouement of ''Mélite'' and the Role of the Nourrice », ''Modern Language Notes'', Mar 1956, n° 71 (3), p. 200-3. * Alan Howe, « La Troupe du Marais et la première de ''Mélite'' (1629–1631) : trois documents inédits », ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Sept–Dec 1998, n° 35 (3), p. 279-94. * Milorad R. Margitic, « Mythologie personnelle chez le premier Corneille : Le Jeu de l’amour et de l’amour-propre de ''Mélite'' au ''Cid'' », ''Pierre Corneille'', Paris, PUF, 1985. * Jacques Maurens, « ''Les Vraies Beautés de théâtre'' dans ''Mélite'' », ''Littératures'', Automne 1981, n° 4, p. 21–30. * Marie-Odile Sweetser, « De la comédie à la tragédie : le ''Change'' et la conversion de ''Mélite'' à ''Polyeucte'' », ''Corneille comique: Nine Studies of Pierre Corneille’s Comedy with an Introduction and a Bibliography'', Paris, PFSCL, 1982, p. 75–89. * Constant Venesoen, « Corneille apprenti féministe : de ''Mélite'' au ''Cid'' », Paris, Letts. Mods., 1986. * Jean-Yves Vialleton, « Le Silence de Mélite », ''Œuvres et Critiques'', 2005, n° 30 (2), p. 30 40


External links


''Melite''
sur le sit
CÉSAR
{{DEFAULTSORT:Melite 1629 plays Plays by Pierre Corneille