Máximo San Román Cáceres (born 14 April 1946) is a Peruvian mechanical engineer, businessman and former politician. He was

President of Peru The president of Peru (), officially the constitutional president of the Republic of Peru (), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is the head of the executive branch and is the supreme head of the Peruvian Armed ...

between 1992 and 1993, a term that was marked by the authoritarian government of

Alberto Fujimori Alberto Kenji Fujimori Fujimori (26 July 1938 – 11 September 2024) was a Peruvian politician, professor, and engineer who served as the 54th president of Peru from 1990 to 2000.* * * * * * * Born in Lima, Fujimori was the country's fir ...

. Considered the legal Head of State during Fujimori's ruling by decree of his

self-coup A self-coup, also called an autocoup () or coup from the top, is a form of coup d'état in which a political leader, having come to power through legal means, stays in power illegally through the actions of themselves or their supporters. The le ...

, he did not hold real power.

Biography

He was born in the District of Cusipata, Quispicanchi Province,

Cusco Cusco or Cuzco (; or , ) is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river. It is the capital of the eponymous Cusco Province, province and Cusco Region, department. The city was the cap ...

on April 14, 1946. Son of Julio San Román and María Natividad Cáceres. He completed his primary studies at the Fiscal School No. 729 in Calca and he attended secondary school at the San José de La Salle School in Cusco. He entered the National School of Technical Engineering (ex-ENIT) of the National University of Engineering, where he studied mechanical engineering and graduated in 1970. Upon graduation, he served as a teacher at the Industrial Technology Center of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. From 1971 to 1979 he was Production Manager of Industrias Royal SA. In 1979, San Román founded Industrias S.A., a Metal Mechanic company. From 1980 to 2016 he was Chairman of the Board of Nova Perú, a machinery company for the food industry. He was president of the "Association of Small and Medium Industrials of Peru" (APEMIPE), president of the "National Federation of Small and Medium Industry of Peru" (FENAPI), president of the "Guarantee Fund for Small Industry" (FOGAPI ), chairman of the board of the "Promotion Fund for Small Industrial Companies.

Political career

Early political career

San Román entered politics in 1990 as the first running mate of

in the

Cambio 90 Cambio 90 (lit. ''Change 90'', C90) was a Peruvian right-wing political party which entered the political spectrum in early 1990, and throughout the 1990s until late-2000 was the most powerful political party in Peru alongside New Majority (Per ...

presidential ticket. He was elected First Vice President of Peru and Senator for the 1990-1995 term. He was sworn as

President of the Senate President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the Speaker (politics), speaker in some other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's Order of succession, succes ...

due to the high number of votes he received in the

general elections A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections ...

1992 self-coup

In April 1992, while he was visiting the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...

during Fujimori's

, which dissolved Congress and closed other public institutions such as the Judiciary and the Attorney General's office. San Román returned to Peru to claim the Presidency. He was sworn as President by the dissolved Congress on 21 April 1992. Although the move was constitutional, Fujimori had all the support and popular approval for the coup, and San Román had no real power to govern. His term is considered to be between the day of his oath of office, 21 April 1992, and the day when the Democratic Constitutional Congress proclaimed Fujimori as Constitutional President.

Later political career

He was elected to Congress for the 1995–2000 term for Mayor of Lima Ricardo Belmont's Civil Works Movement “OBRAS” party. In 2000, he ran for president under the

Union for Peru Union for Peru () is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-United Nations, UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 Peruvian general election, 1995 general elections. Originally a ...

party, placing last with 36,000 votes. In the 2006 and 2010 regional elections, he ran for Governor of Cuzco losing on both occasions, placing second. San Román has run for first vice president a total of 4 times. The first was with

in 1990 in which the tandem was victorious, the second with Lima Mayor Ricardo Belmont in 1995, the third with pastor

Humberto Lay Pastor Humberto Lay Sun (; born 25 September 1934) is a Peruvian evangelicalism, evangelical minister, architect, and politician belonging to the National Restoration (Peru), National Restoration Party. He is of Chinese Peruvians, Chinese descen ...

in 2006, and the fourth with

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard (; born 3 October 1938), also known simply as PPK (), is a Peruvian economist, public administrator, and former politician who served as the 59th President of Peru from 2016 to 2018. He served as Prime Minister of ...

in 2011. Most recently, he registered in the Contigo Party in order to run for the presidential nomination at the 2021 general election. Following the 2020 Peruvian protests, he announced his withdrawal from the race.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:San Roman, Maximo 1946 births Living people Vice presidents of Peru Presidents of the Senate of Peru Peruvian engineers 20th-century Peruvian businesspeople Fujimorista politicians Candidates for President of Peru Members of the Congress of the Republic of Peru National Restoration (Peru) politicians People from the Department of Cusco