Myrmeleontiformia is an insect
clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
in the order
Neuroptera, and which was historically treated as a suborder.
The
phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...
of the Neuroptera has been explored using
mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial D ...
sequences, and while issues remain for the order as a whole, such as "
Hemerobiiformia
The Hemerobiiformia are a suborder of insects in the order Neuroptera. The phylogeny of the Neuroptera was explored in 2014 using mitochondrial DNA sequences. The results indicate that the traditional Hemerobiiformia are paraphyletic, meaning ...
" being
paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
, Myrmeleontiformia is generally agreed to be
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
, with one study giving the following
cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ...
:
Superfamilies and families
Clade Myrmeleontiformia
* Superfamily
Myrmeleontoidea
Myrmeleontoidea is a neuropteran superfamily in the clade Myrmeleontiformia. Engel, Winteron, and Breitkreuz (2018) included the following families:
Superfamily Myrmeleontoidea (syn Nemopteroidea)
* Family Ascalaphidae: owlflies (possibly in ...
(syn
Nemopteroidea)
** Family
Ascalaphidae
Ascalaphidae is a family of insects in the order Neuroptera, commonly called owlflies; there are some 450 extant species. They are fast-flying crepuscular or diurnal predators of other flying insects, and have large bulging eyes and strongly ...
: owlflies (possibly in Myrmeleontoidea)
** Family †
Babinskaiidae
Babinskaiidae is an extinct family of neuropterans known from the Cretaceous period. They are part of the superfamily Myrmeleontoidea. Their distinguishing characters include: "long filiform antennae, narrowly elongated wings, with features suc ...
** Family
Myrmeleontidae
The antlions are a group of about 2,000 species of insect in the neuropteran family Myrmeleontidae. They are known for the predatory habits of their larvae, which mostly dig pits to trap passing ants or other prey. In North America, the larvae ...
: antlions (includes Palaeoleontidae)
** Family
Nemopteridae
Nemopteridae, the spoonwings, are a family of neuropteran insects. They are also called thread-winged antlions. They are found in the Ethiopian, Palearctic, Australasian and Neotropical realms but absent in North America (though a fossil has bee ...
: spoonwings etc (formerly in Myrmeleontoidea)
** Family
Nymphidae
Nymphidae, sometimes called split-footed lacewings, are a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. There are 35 extant species native to Australia and New Guinea.
Nymphidae stand somewhat apart from other living Myrmeleontoidea. The ...
: split-footed lacewings (includes Myiodactylidae)
** Family †
Rafaelianidae
* Superfamily
Psychopsoidea
** Family †
Aetheogrammatidae
** Family †
Kalligrammatidae
Kalligrammatidae, sometimes known as kalligrammatids or kalligrammatid lacewings, is a family of extinct insects in the order Neuroptera (lacewings) that contains twenty genera and a number of species. The family lived from the Middle Jurassic t ...
** Family †
Osmylopsychopidae (
syn †Brongniartiellidae)
** Family †
Panfiloviidae (syn †
Grammosmylidae)
** Family †
Prohemerobiidae
** Family
Psychopsidae
Psychopsidae is a family (biology), family of Pterygota, winged insects of the order (biology), order Neuroptera. They are commonly called silky lacewings.
The silky lacewings are distinguishable in their adult stage by their spectacularly patte ...
: silky lacewings
References
External links
*
{{Neuroptera-stub