''Myosotis goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' is a subspecies of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Boraginaceae,
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to southern
South Island
The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman ...
of
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
.
Donald Petrie described the species ''M. goyenii'' in 1891. Plants of this subspecies of
forget-me-not are
perennial
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...
rosettes which form loose clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted stamens.
Taxonomy and etymology
''Myosotis goyenii'' Petrie subsp. ''goyenii'' is in the plant family
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the order ...
.
The species ''M. goyenii'' was described by
Donald Petrie in 1891.
Multiple specimens of original material (
syntypes) of ''
Myosotis goyenii
''Myosotis goyenii'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1891. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form ...
'' were collected in different localities in Otago, New Zealand by Peter Goyen (from Arrowtown) and Donald Petrie (from the Cardrona Valley and Lake Hawea). The
lectotype was designated by
Carlos Lehnebach, and is lodged at the herbarium of the
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum and is located in Wellington. ''Te Papa Tongarewa'' translates literally to "container of treasures" or in full "container of treasured things and people that spring fr ...
(WELT SP002484).
Donald Petrie gave this species the specific epithet, ''goyenii'', to honor his friend, Peter Goyen (1845–1927), who collected several specimens of ''M. goyenii.'' Like Petrie himself, Goyen was a school inspector and naturalist who lived on the South Island of New Zealand.
This is one of two subspecies recognized in ''Myosotis goyenii''; the other is
''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''infima''''.''
The subspecies are
allopatric
Allopatric speciation () – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from ...
, with ''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' occupying schist substrates in Southland and Otago, and ''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''infima'' found on limestone and calcareous substrates in Marlborough and Canterbury.
''Myosotis goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' can be distinguished from ''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''infima'' by its clumps of single
rosettes that have a central woody
taproot, and the following floral characteristics: a long
style (> 6 mm),
pistil
Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...
that is 1.6–2.8× longer than the calyx,
filaments attached < 1 mm below the scales, and
anthers
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...
only partly included (with the tips equal to or just surpassing the scales). By contrast, ''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''infima'' plants form
caespitose clumps of multiple rosettes that have fibrous roots, and have flowers with a short style (< 6 mm), pistil that is < 1.5× longer than the calyx, filaments attached > 1 mm below the faucal scales, and anthers fully included.
Phylogeny
''Myosotis goyenii'' was shown to be a part of the
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
southern hemisphere lineage of ''Myosotis'' in
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (
nuclear ribosomal DNA
Nuclear may refer to:
Physics
Relating to the Atomic nucleus, nucleus of the atom:
*Nuclear engineering
*Nuclear physics
*Nuclear power
*Nuclear reactor
*Nuclear weapon
*Nuclear medicine
*Radiation therapy
*Nuclear warfare
Mathematics
*Nuclear ...
and
chloroplast DNA regions).
Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved.
''Myosotis goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' was included in one previous phylogenetic study.
Of the three sequenced individuals of ''M. goyenii,'' the two from Otago (''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'') grouped with each other and with ''M. albosericea'' in the nuclear ribosomal DNA analyses, and with ''M. australis'' and other species in the chloroplast DNA analyses.
Description
''Myosotis goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' plants have long woody, branched taproots, and are single rosettes that often grow together to form loose clumps. The rosette leaves have
petioles 10–48 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 7–40 mm long by 3–11 mm wide (length: width ratio 2.2–5.3: 1), usually narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, widest at or above the middle (rarely below the middle), with an
acute
Acute may refer to:
Science and technology
* Acute angle
** Acute triangle
** Acute, a leaf shape in the glossary of leaf morphology
* Acute (medicine), a disease that it is of short duration and of recent onset.
** Acute toxicity, the adverse eff ...
apex (rarely
obtuse). Both surfaces and the edges of the leaf are densely covered in straight, appressed, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are oriented parallel to the mid vein. Each rosette has 2–40 erect, usually once-branched (sometimes unbranched), ebracteate
inflorescence
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...
s that are up to 350 mm long and are usually bifurcating in an open, forked 'V' shape near the tips. The cauline leaves are up to 13 per inflorescence and are similar to the rosette leaves but smaller with shorter petioles, and decrease in size toward the tip. Each inflorescence has up to 26 flowers, each borne on a
pedicel
Pedicle or pedicel may refer to:
Human anatomy
*Pedicle of vertebral arch, the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body, and is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures
...
up to 1.3 mm long at fruiting, and each without a bract. The calyx is 3–5 mm long at flowering and 4–6 mm long at fruiting, lobed to half to almost all of its length, and densely covered in antrorse, straight to flexuous, appressed to patent hairs. The corolla is white, up to 14 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are broadly ovate, obovate, broadly obovate or broadly obovate, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The stamens are 6.1–7.5 mm long (measured from the base of the calyx to the anther tips) with filaments 0.3–0.4 mm long that are attached to the corolla tube < 1 mm below the base of the scales. The anthers are partly exserted above the scales, with the anther tips equal to or just surpassing the scales. The pistil is 8–11 mm long with a style that is 7–10 mm long at fruiting. The four smooth, shiny, light to dark brown nutlets are 1.7–2.7 mm long by 1.0–1.3 mm wide and narrowly ovoid in shape.
The chromosome number of ''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' is unknown.
The pollen of ''M. goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' is unknown.
It flowers and fruits from November–March, with the main flowering and fruiting period from December–February.
Distribution and habitat
''Myosotis goyenii'' subsp. ''goyenii'' is a
forget-me-not endemic to Otago and Southland in the South Island of New Zealand, from 650–1300 m ASL. It is found on rock (schist) outcrops, ledges, cliffs and shingle.
Conservation status
The species ''M. goyenii'' is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the
New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants, with the qualifier "Sp" (Sparse).
References
External links
''Myosotis goyenii subsp. goyenii'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q111821569, from2=Q17416554
goyenii subsp. goyenii
Endemic flora of New Zealand
Endangered flora of New Zealand
Flora of the South Island
Plants described in 1891