Myopericarditis is a combination of both

myocarditis Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is an acquired cardiomyopathy due to inflammation of the heart muscle. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. The ...

and

pericarditis Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp chest pain, which may also be felt in the shoulders, neck, or back. The pain is typically less severe when sit ...

appearing in a single individual, namely inflammation of both the pericardium and the heart muscle. It can involve the presence of fluid in the heart. __TOC__

Risk factors

The appearance of myopericarditis is associated with infections such as

acute tonsillitis Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat. It can be acute or chronic. Acute tonsillitis typically has a rapid onset. Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and en ...

pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity ...

, and

gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea and gastro, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydra ...

Smallpox vaccination The smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine to be developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox ...

has been a known risk factor for myocarditis and pericarditis since the 1950s. In 1983, an incidence of myocarditis of 1 per 10 000 was reported among Finnish military personnel. Among US military service members vaccinated between December 2002 and March 2003 with Dryvax smallpox vaccine 18 cases of probable myopericarditis were reported, which was an incidence of 7.8 per 100 000 over 30 days. A meta-review from 2022 shows that the overall risk for myopericarditis after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine is low. In addition, the incidence of myopericarditis is significantly higher with a smallpox vaccination in comparison with a COVID-19 vaccination. The

ACAM2000 ACAM2000 is a smallpox vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur Biologics Co. The vaccine provides protection against smallpox for people determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. Background Smallpox is considered a biological threa ...

smallpox vaccine has been known to cause myopericarditis in some people.

Etymology

When ventricular function is normal, the term myopericarditis is used. Cases with impaired function are labeled perimyocarditis, though the two terms are often used interchangeably. Both will be reflected on an

ECG Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a recording of the heart's electrical activity. It is an electrogram of the heart which is a graph of voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the hear ...

. In a different naming scheme, inflammation that is predominantly pericarditis with some myocardial involvement is called myopericarditis, while predominant myocarditis with some pericardial involvement is called perimyocarditis.

References

Pericardial disorders Disorders of fascia Inflammations {{cardiology-stub