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Myeonbok is a kind of ceremonial clothing worn by the kings of
''jongmyo.net''. Access date: May 18, 2010. Myeonbok was adopted from Chinese
Myeonbok is a kind of ceremonial clothing worn by the kings of Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
(1392-1910) in Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
.The king's Myeonbok''jongmyo.net''. Access date: May 18, 2010. Myeonbok was adopted from Chinese
Mianfu
Mianfu () is a kind of Chinese clothing in hanfu; it was worn by emperors, kings, and princes, and in some instances by the nobles in historical China from the Shang to the Ming dynasty. The mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by Ch ...
, and is worn by kings at special events such as the coronation
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a coronation crown, crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the ...
, morning audience, lunar new year
Lunar New Year is the beginning of a calendar year whose months are moon cycles, based on the lunar calendar or lunisolar calendar.
The Lunar New Year as a celebration is observed by numerous cultures. It is also named " Chinese New Year" becau ...
's audience, ancestral rites at Jongmyo Jongmyo may refer to:
* Jongmyo (shrine), a kind of shrine in the East Asian cultural sphere
* Jongmyo (Seoul)
Jongmyo (Hangul: 종묘; Hanja: 宗廟) is a Confucian shrine dedicated to the perpetuation of memorial services for the deceased ki ...
and the soil and grain __NOTOC__
Soil and grain was a common political term in the Sinosphere for the state. Shejitan, the altars of soil and grain, were constructed alongside ancestral altars. Chinese monarchs of the Ming and Qing dynasties performed ceremonies of soil ...
rite at Sajikdan
The Sajikdan is a Korean Neo-Confucian altar located in Seoul, South Korea used to perform the national soil and grain ceremonies Myeonbok symbolizes the dignity of king when conducting important ceremonies.Myeonbok Gangsil
''jongmyo.net''. Access date: pada 18 Mei 2010.
''jongmyo.net''. Access date: pada 18 Mei 2010.
Types of myeonbok
Myeonbok is divided into ''gujangbok'' and ''sibijangbok''. Gujangbok (''nine-emblem myeonbok'') is worn by king and sibijangbok (twelve-emblem myeonbok) is worn by emperor. The ''myeonbok'' of Korean Kings could only use nine symbols instead of theTwelve Ornaments
The Twelve Ornaments () are a group of ancient Chinese symbols and designs that are considered highly auspicious. They were employed in the decoration of textile fabrics in ancient China, which signified authority and power, and were embroidered ...
as only the Emperor (typically Chinese Emperors) could wear the Twelve Ornaments. The Korean kings have used the nine symbols since the year 1065 AD after the Liao emperor had bestowed a nine-symbol robe (; ) to the Korean king in 1043 AD.
The myeonbok is worn with seok (shoes worn for rituals); the seok also originated from China before developing further into a unique Korean style.
History
In earlyJoseon
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
, King Taejong
Taejong of Joseon (13 June 1367 – 8 June 1422), personal name Yi Bang-won ( Korean: 이방원; Hanja: 李芳遠), was the third ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea and the father of King Sejong the Great. Before ascending to the throne, he ...
attempted to develop positive relationship with China's Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
; this positive political orientation towards Ming dynasty China lead to the formal recognition of Joseon and the inauguration of King Taejong as the King of Joseon, along with the bestowal of the Mianfu
Mianfu () is a kind of Chinese clothing in hanfu; it was worn by emperors, kings, and princes, and in some instances by the nobles in historical China from the Shang to the Ming dynasty. The mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by Ch ...
.
Gojong of Korea
Gojong (; 8 September 1852 – 21 January 1919) was the monarch of Korea from 1864 to 1907. He reigned as the last King of Joseon from 1864 to 1897, and as the first Emperor of Korea from 1897 until his forced abdication in 1907. He is known ...
appropriated the Twelve Ornaments
The Twelve Ornaments () are a group of ancient Chinese symbols and designs that are considered highly auspicious. They were employed in the decoration of textile fabrics in ancient China, which signified authority and power, and were embroidered ...
on his enthronement costume (i.e. ''myeonbok'', 면복/冕服) when he became the Emperor of Korea
Imperial titles were used in various historical Korean states before the 14th century and at the turn of the 20th century: Early Korean states used "great king", "greatest king", and "holy king"; later Korean states used "emperor". Korean monarc ...
in 1897 which followed the dress system of ancient China.
Out of the occasions where myeonbok would have been worn, the ancestral rites at Jongmyo Jongmyo may refer to:
* Jongmyo (shrine), a kind of shrine in the East Asian cultural sphere
* Jongmyo (Seoul)
Jongmyo (Hangul: 종묘; Hanja: 宗廟) is a Confucian shrine dedicated to the perpetuation of memorial services for the deceased ki ...
and the soil and grain __NOTOC__
Soil and grain was a common political term in the Sinosphere for the state. Shejitan, the altars of soil and grain, were constructed alongside ancestral altars. Chinese monarchs of the Ming and Qing dynasties performed ceremonies of soil ...
rite at Sajikdan
The Sajikdan is a Korean Neo-Confucian altar located in Seoul, South Korea used to perform the national soil and grain ceremoniesHereditary Prince Imperial
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic infor ...
, wearing the 12-ornamented myeonbok, presides in place of the Emperor.
See also
*Mianfu
Mianfu () is a kind of Chinese clothing in hanfu; it was worn by emperors, kings, and princes, and in some instances by the nobles in historical China from the Shang to the Ming dynasty. The mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by Ch ...
*Jeogori
(; ) is a basic upper garment of the , a traditional Korean garment, which has been worn by both men and women. Men usually wear the with a '' baji'' or pants while women wear the with '' chima'', or skirts. It covers the arms and upper part of ...
* Po
*Wonsam
The ''wonsam'' is a female ceremonial topcoat in ''hanbok''. It was worn by queens, high-ranking court ladies, and royalty during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910). It is also called 'daeui' (大衣, big clothing), 'daesu' (大袖, wide s ...
*Hwarot
Hwarot is a type of traditional Korean clothing worn during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty by only royal women for ceremonial occasions and later by commoners for weddings. It is still worn during the p'yebaek phase of modern weddings. Before commo ...
References
{{Reflist Korean clothing Folk costumes es:Myeonbok id:Myeonbok jv:Myeonbok