Mutual recognition occurs when two or more countries or other institutions recognize one another's decisions or policies, for example in the field of conformity assessment,

professional qualification Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply ''certification'' or ''qualification'', is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications ...

s or in relation to criminal matters. A mutual recognition agreement (MRA) is an international agreement by which two or more countries agree to recognize one another's conformity assessments, decisions or results (for example certifications or test results). A mutual recognition arrangement is an international arrangement based on such an agreement. Countries involved in the agreement can designate for the scope of the agreement Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB), laboratories and inspection bodies. MRAs have become increasingly common since the formation of the

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...

in 1995. They have been forged within and among various trade blocs, including

APEC The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC ) is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific (APAC) is the part of the world near the western Pac ...

and the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been ...

. MRAs are most commonly applied to

goods In economics, goods are items that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product. A common distinction is made between goods which are transferable, and services, which are not ...

, such as various quality control MRAs. However, the term is also applied to agreements on the recognition of

s and decisions relating to criminal matters.European Commission
Programme of measures to implement the principle of mutual recognition of decisions in criminal matters
''Official Journal'' C 012 , 15/01/2001 p. 0010 - 0022, accessed 4 November 2021 Accreditation Bodies, under the International Accreditation Forum, use the term ''Multilateral Recognition Agreements'' in a similar sense.

Mutual recognition of decisions in criminal matters

The issue of mutual recognition in criminal matters was raised at the

Cardiff Cardiff (; cy, Caerdydd ) is the capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of Wales. It forms a Principal areas of Wales, principal area, officially known as the City and County of Cardiff ( cy, Dinas a ...

European Council on 15 and 16 June 1998 and further discussed at the European Council meeting held in

Tampere Tampere ( , , ; sv, Tammerfors, ) is a city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclo ...

in October 1999. A programme of EU measures to implement the principle of mutual recognition in relation to decisions regarding criminal matters was published on 15 January 2021.

References

External links

Managed Mutual Recognition Regimes: Governance Without Global Government by Kalypso Nicolaïdis and Gregory ShafferTACD Background Paper on MRAsPublic Citizen description of MRAs
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mutual Recognition Commercial treaties Quality control Globalization

Mutual recognition of decisions in criminal matters

See also

References

External links