MOPP is a
combination chemotherapy regimen used to treat
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma, in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the patient's lymph nodes. The condition wa ...
. The acronym is derived from the component drugs of the regimen:
*
(M)ustargen (also known as mechlorethamine, chlormethine, mustine, nitrogen mustard, or MSD)
*
(O)ncovin (also known as Vincristine or VCR)
*
(P)rocarbazine (also known as Matulane or Natulan)
*
(P)rednisone (also known as Deltasone or Orasone)
The treatment is usually administered in four week cycles, often for six cycles. MSD and VCR are administered
intravenous
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrie ...
ly, while procarbazine and prednisone are pills taken orally. A newer Hodgkin lymphoma treatment is
ABVD
ABVD is a chemotherapy regimen used in the first-line treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma, replacing the older MOPP protocol. It consists of concurrent treatment with the chemotherapy drugs:
* Adriamycin (also known as doxorubicin/ hydroxydaunorubicin, ...
.
C-MOPP involves switching the
nitrogen mustard
Nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic organic compounds with the chloroethylamine (Cl(CH2)2NR2) functional group. Although originally produced as chemical warfare agents, they were the first chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. Nitrogen m ...
from mechlorethamine to
cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer ...
. C-MOPP is thus very similar to
COPP, using the same 4 agents and differing at most in dosages and timing.
Dosage
History
MOPP was the first combination chemotherapy brought in that achieved a high success rate. It was developed at the
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ...
in the 1960s by a team that included
Vincent DeVita, Jr.
Although no longer the most effective combination, MOPP is still used after relapse or where the patient has certain
allergies
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, refer a number of conditions caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic derma ...
or
lung
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of t ...
or
heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide t ...
problems which prevents the use of another regimen.
Side effects
There is 20% chance of developing a second cancer within 20 years of MOPP treatment. As a result, MOPP is rarely used any more for treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Hodgkin's Chemtherapy - MOPP
/ref> MOPP has been known to cause alopecia
Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body. Typically at least the head is involved. The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body. Inflammation or scarri ...
(hair loss) and skin sensitivity (especially to sunlight). Nausea, vomiting
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the Human nose, nose.
Vomiting can be the result of ailments like Food-poisoning, foo ...
, and stomach ache are common, as are chills, constipation, and frequent urination
Urination, also known as micturition, is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, ...
. Permanent sterility is a frequent side effect.
See also
* ABVD
ABVD is a chemotherapy regimen used in the first-line treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma, replacing the older MOPP protocol. It consists of concurrent treatment with the chemotherapy drugs:
* Adriamycin (also known as doxorubicin/ hydroxydaunorubicin, ...
* BEACOPP BEACOPP is a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma developed by the German Hodgkin Study Group used for patients in Stages > II or early (IA or IB) with unfavorable risk factors.
Patients typically receive treatment in cycles of 21 ...
* CHOP
* Stanford V
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is considere ...
References
{{Chemotherapeutic Agents
IARC Group 1 carcinogens
Chemotherapy regimens used in lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma