Tatarstan is an
autonomous republic
An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. Man ...
within
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, where the largest ethnic group are the
Tatar
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different s. Their traditional music is a mixture of
Turkic
Turkic may refer to:
* anything related to the country of Turkey
* Turkic languages, a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages
** Turkic alphabets (disambiguation)
** Turkish language, the most widely spoken Turkic language
* ...
,
Mongolic and
Finnic elements, reportedly bridging
Mongolian and
Hungarian music. Nonetheless, the most distinguishing feature of Tatar music is the
pentatonic scale, which aligns it with the
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
and
Vietnamese musical traditions. Instrumental dance music, secular song and sacred music are all a part of Tatar folk music. Instrumentation includes the
kubyz (
jaw harp),
surnay,
quray (
flute
The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...
) and
garmon
The garmon ( rus, гармо́нь, p=gɐˈrmonʲ, links=yes, from rus, гармо́ника, p=gɐˈrmonʲɪkə, r=garmonika, cognate of English ''harmonica''), commonly called garmoshka, is a kind of Russian button accordion, a free-reed wi ...
-talianka.
In the mid-20th century, a number of Tatar composers became renowned, including
Cäwdät Fäyzi,
Salix Säydäş Säydäşev Salix Camaletdin ulı (pronounced Salix Säydäş, also spelled Salikh Saydash(ev) ( Tatar Cyrillic: Сәйдәш(ев) Салих Җамалетдин улы; russian: Сайда́шев Сали́х Замалетди́нович, S ...
,
Mansur Mozaffarov
Mozaffarov Mansur Äxmät ulı (pronounced ), Mansur Mozaffarov; Tatar Cyrillic: Мозаффаров Мансур Әхмәт улы; russian: Музафа́ров Мансу́р Ахме́тович, Muzafarov Mansur Akhmetovich; 1902 – ...
and
Näcip Cihanov
Näcip Ğayaz ulı Cihanov — Tatar Cyrillic: Нәҗип Гаяз улы Җиһанов, pronounced ; russian: Нази́б Гая́зович Жига́нов; anglicised as Najip Jihanov or, more usually, Nazib Gayazovich Zhiganov — was a Sov ...
. Many of the works of the Russian-Tatar composer
Sofia Gubaidulina
Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina (russian: Софи́я Асгáтовна Губaйду́лина, link=no , tt-Cyrl, София Әсгать кызы Гобәйдуллина; born 24 October 1931) is a Soviet-Russian composer and an established ...
have been inspired by Tatar music.
The largest center of Tatar national music is the Jalil Opera and Ballet Theatre named after
Musa Cälil
Musa Cälil ( tt-Cyrl, Муса Җәлил, translit=Musa Çəlil, ; russian: Муса Джалиль; 25 August 1944) was a Soviet–Tatar poet and resistance fighter. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union awarded simultaneously the Hero of t ...
. The first Tatar
opera
Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librett ...
, ''Saniä'', was staged in 1925. It was composed by
Soltan Gabashi
The Soltan Mosque ( Cyrillic: Солтан мәчете; formerly ''Cihanşa bay Mosque'', ''The Red Mosque'', ''Ğosman Mosque'', ''The Eighth Mosque'', also spelled '' Sultan'' or ''Sultanovskaya'' via Russian Султановская мече ...
in collaboration with
Vasili Vinogradov
Vinogradov Vasily Ivanovich (; Vasili Vinogradov, russian: Виногра́дов Васи́лий Ива́нович; 1874–1948) was an ethnically Russian Tatar opera composer, violinist and pedagogue. TASSR Honoured Worker of Culture (1 ...
.
Farit Yarullin was the creator of the first Tatar
ballet
Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the fifteenth century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread and highly technical form of ...
, ''
Şüräle
Shurale (Tatar and Bashkir: Шүрәле, yræˈlɘ russian: Шурале) is a forest spirit in Tatar and Bashkir mythology. According to legends, Şüräle lives in forests. He has long fingers, a horn on its forehead, and a woolly body. He ...
''. Modern Tatar music includes practically all existing basic musical genres.
Almaz Monasypov
Almaz Monasypov ( tt-Latn, Almaz Zakir ulı Monasıypov, , 1925–2008) was a composer of Tatar origin. He was an art worker of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1987), People's Artist of the Tatarstan Republic (2000), and laure ...
is one of the first Soviet Tatar composers re-embodied in modern music the ancient layers of the national tradition like baits ( tt-Cyrl, бәет), munajats ( tt-Cyrl, мөнәҗәт) and book singing ( tt-Cyrl, китап көе).
Modern, non-traditional music includes pop,
rock
Rock most often refers to:
* Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids
* Rock music, a genre of popular music
Rock or Rocks may also refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...
, hip-hop music (for example,
İttifaQ), etc. One of the most remarkable artists, who obtained her own niche in Tatar music is the renowned
world music singer and composer
Zulya Kamalova
Zulya Nazipovna Kamalova (russian: link=no, Зуля (Зульфия) Назиповна Камалова; tt-Cyrl, Зөлфия Нәсип кызы Камалова; born in Sarapul, Udmurt ASSR) is an Australian singer. She currently resides ...
,
[ak]
Zulya
/ref> who currently resides in Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
. One of the most outstanding examples of contemporary Tatar music is the rock opera The Wanderer in Bulgar
''The Wanderer in Bolghar, Bulgar'' aka ''The Minstrel in Bolghar, Bulgar'' ( tt-Cyrl, Ил Гизүче Болгарда, translit=İl Gizüçe Bolğarda) is a 30 minutes Tatar rock opera written and directed by Vladislav Chebitarev, music by Rä ...
– an amalgamation of , the Tatar Opera
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different tradition and western rock music
Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as " rock and roll" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States an ...
arrangements with Russian rock prints. Tatar pop singers Alsou (who sings in English, Russian and Tatar) and Zemfira (who sings mostly in Russian) are currently among the most popular musical performers in Russia. The National Tatarstan Orchestra
National may refer to:
Common uses
* Nation or country
** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen
Places in the United States
* National, Maryland, ce ...
is the major symphony orchestra in Tatarstan.
References
External links
Online tatar radio (tatar music only)
*
Culture of Tatarstan
Tatarstan
Tatar culture
Tatarstan
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