Musakhail
( ur, ) is a
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
in the northeast of the
Balochistan province
Balochistan (; bal, بلۏچستان; ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southwestern region of the country, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by land area but is the least populated one. It shares land ...
of
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
. It became a separate district in 1992, prior to which it was a tehsil within
Loralai District
Loralai District ( ur, ) is a district in the northeast of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Loralai town is the district headquarters.
Demographics
At the time of the 2017 census the district had a population of 244,446, of which 130,484 were ma ...
. Musakhail District is now part of
Loralai Division
Loralai Division is an administrative division of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. It was bifurcated from Zhob division in 2021. The division is consist of Barkhan, Loralai
Loralai ( ps, لورلايي, ur, ), also known as Bori ( ps, ), i ...
is created after splitting
Zhob Division
Zhob Division is an administrative division of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. It was created in 1988 bifurcated from Quetta division. It had been abolished between 2000 and 2008 during the military rule of Pervez Musharraf.
Loralai Division is ...
.
History
After the first phase of the Afghan war of 1878-79 AD, the British took control of the northern areas of Balochistan under the Treaty of Gandamak. During 1879-84 AD, efforts were made to extend the British influence over the Khetrans and Musakhels of the, now Musakhel, territory. The Musakhels took part in outrages committed by the Kakars under Shah Jahan in 1884, but surrendered to the British government on the conclusion of the expedition in the same year. On 1 November 1887, the whole area was declared part of British India. Zhob agency was formed in 1890 and Musakhel territory was annexed to it. Musakhel was made a tehsil in 1892 and was transferred to Loralai district in October 1903.
In 1905, the Musakhel tehsil comprised 61 villages and the total population, according to 1901 census, was 15,537 (8,374 males and 7,163 females). The principal tribes represented were: Isot (1,941); Jafar (1,026); Panri (10,144) including the Musakhel clan (9,748) the principal divisions of which were the Belkhel (7,662) and Laharzai (2,086); and Syed Gharshin (271). The chief language spoken was Pushto. Musakhel remained a tehsil of Loralai district till 1 January 1992 when it was notified as a district as a result of splitting Loralai district into 3 districts, Loralai, Musakhel, and Barkhan.
Geography
Musakhail District is located in north-eastern border of Balochistan and bordering to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab. The district comprises 5728km². The headquarters of the district is Bazar
Musakhel.
Climate
The climate of Musakhail, located 1,200–2,400 metres above sea level, is semi-arid. It can be placed in the "warm summer and mild winter" temperature region. The summer is hot with mean temperatures ranging from 21 °C to 32 °C. June is the hottest month when maximum temperature does exceed 32 °C and occasionally rises above 38 °C. Summer is longer than winter and lasts for about 7 months (April–October). In winter the temperature drops below 21 °C, but in the coolest month (January) the mean monthly temperature drops below 10 °C. The mercury may touch the freezing point during cold spells. Some areas of Musakhel also receives snowfall in winter like Kingri and Rarasham.
Administrative divisions
The district of Musakhel is divided into four
Tehsils
A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...
:
*
Darug
The Dharug or Darug people, formerly known as the Broken Bay tribe, are an Aboriginal Australian people, who share strong ties of kinship and, in pre-colonial times, lived as skilled hunters in family groups or clans, scattered throughout much ...
*
Kingri
Kingri ( sd, ڪنگري) is a Tehsil of Khairpur District in the Sindh province of Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most pop ...
*
Musakhel
*
Toisar
Demography
At the time of the 2017 census the district had a population of 167,243, of which 90,733 were males and 76,498 females. Rural population was 153,108 (91.55%) while the urban population was 14,135 (8.45%). The literacy rate was 25.86% - the male literacy rate was 34.46% while the female literacy rate was 15.87%. 108 people in the district were from religious minorities.
The main tribes of the district are the
Musakhels, Zimri, Jafars, Essot,Qaisrani,Gharshin(Syed) and Buzdars.
At the time of the 2017 census, 83.28% of the population spoke
Pashto
Pashto (,; , ) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani ().
Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages ...
and 12.51%
Balochi as their first language.
There are some speakers of
seraiki as well, with languages recorded as 'Other' on the census being 2.50% of the population.
Education
Musakhail District is ranked at the 81st position in the education score index of the
Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017 published by
Alif Ailaan
Alif Ailaan ( ur, ) was a nonprofit organization working in the field of education in Pakistan from 2013 to 2018. Launched by a team of media and communications specialists, the program aimed to highlight education on priority basis in Pakistan ...
. The education score is composed of the learning score, retention score and gender parity score. Retention is one of the biggest concerns in this district, with the relevant score being only 43.79 out of a potential 100. While, gender parity and learning scores lying a little above average. There has been only a slight improvement in the provision of post primary school infrastructure, with government primary schools still accounting for over 80% of the total number of government schools in the province, with a score of 27.87.
In percentage terms, the allocations for education in Baluchistan have seen the highest growth compared to all other provinces during the 2013–2018 tenure, including district Musakhel. According to the National Education Management Information System data 2016–2017, the structural and governance reforms have yet to create an impact in terms of better provision of school infrastructure to students and teachers of all districts in Baluchistan.
[Alif Ailaan 2018. 2013-2018 Five Years of Education Reforms in Balochistan. Wins, Losses and challenges for 2018–2023. Islamabad: Alif Ailaan. vi-33 pp.
https://elections.alifailaan.pk/wp-includes/file/BalochistanEducationReport18.pdf]
Issues reported by the residents via th
Taleem Do! Appcomplain of the lack or absenteeism of teachers.
Recreational places
Musakhail is one the beautiful and least explored District of Balochistan. It has beautiful meadows and green valleys in all of its Tehsils. Some of the promising site for recreational purpose are Silyauza, Toi Sar, and
Mizri Ghar. In summer season a lot of people from adjoining areas visit these cold places and enjoy their free time. Beside these areas there are other picnic points like Behu in Drug Tehsil.
See also
*
Burg pusht
*
Mizri Ghar
References
Bibliography
*
External links
Musakhel Districta
www.balochistan.gov.pkMusakhel Districta
www.balochistanpolice.gov.pk
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Musakhel District, Pakistan
Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan