Musa al-Musawi (1930-1997) was a Muslim scholar and professor of philosophy, he wrote books on
philosophy
Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...
and revisionist texts on
Shia Islam
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, m ...
.
His grandfather was Grand Ayatullah
Abu al-Hasan al-Esfahani whom he lived with for 17 years after the assassination of his father.
He was educated at Najaf traditional religious school and was awarded the highest certificate in Islamic Law (
Ijtihad
''Ijtihad'' ( ; ar, اجتهاد ', ; lit. physical or mental ''effort'') is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a le ...
) from its university.
He was also the 20th Majles deputy for
Lanjan (1961).
Timeline of his life
*Pursued his studies at the
University of Tehran
The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...
and obtained a doctorate's in Islamic Law in 1955.
*Studied at
Sorbonne University
Sorbonne University (french: Sorbonne Université; la Sorbonne: 'the Sorbonne') is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon ...
where he earned his second doctorates in 1959.
*Professor of Islamic Economics at the University of Tehran 1960–1963.
*Elected deputy for
Isfahan
Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...
in the
Iranian Parliament
The Islamic Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای اسلامی, Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran. The P ...
1960–1963.
*Narrowly escaped death when some
Basra
Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
based
Savak
SAVAK ( fa, ساواک, abbreviation for ''Sâzemân-e Ettelâ'ât va Amniat-e Kešvar'', ) was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty. SAVAK operated from 1957 until prime ...
agents of
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
, title = Shahanshah Aryamehr Bozorg Arteshtaran
, image = File:Shah_fullsize.jpg
, caption = Shah in 1973
, succession = Shah of Iran
, reign = 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979
, coronation = 26 October ...
, the shah of Iran made an attempt on his life in 1968.
*Lecturer of Islamic Philosophy at the
Baghdad University
The University of Baghdad (UOB) ( ar, جامعة بغداد ''Jāmi'at Baghdād'') is the largest university in Iraq, tenth largest in the Arab world, and the largest university in the Arab world outside Egypt.
Nomenclature
Both University ...
1968-78 as a professor.
*Was for some time
visiting fellow
In academia, a visiting scholar, visiting researcher, visiting fellow, visiting lecturer, or visiting professor is a scholar from an institution who visits a host university to teach, lecture, or perform research on a topic for which the visitor ...
at the
Halle University
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university i ...
(GDR) and
Tripoli University in
Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
1973–1974.
*Became a research associate at the
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
1975-1978 and lecturer at the
University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California St ...
1978.
*Dr Musa al-Musawi ran for the presidential election after the
Islamic revolution of Iran
The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynas ...
, 1980.
*President of the High Islamic Council of the Americas since 1981 and founder of Human rights for Islamic countries from 1992 to 1997.
Books
al-Musawi wrote many books over a variety of topics.
Books on Shiite doctrine
*''al-Shi’a wa-l-tashih: al-Sira’ bayn al-shi’a wa-l-tashayyu’'' (''the struggle between Shia and Shiism''), 160 pages (Los Angeles 1987, Cairo 1989, Paris 1997), is a "refutation" of all parts of Shia Islam in its present existing form, with the author's aim of "purging Shiism of all aberrations and deviations that were inflicted upon it over the course of time."
*''al-Sarkha al-kubra. ‘Aqidat al-shi’a fi usul al-din wa-furu’ihi fi ‘asr al-a’imma wa-ba’dahum'' (Los Angeles 1991)
*''Ya shi’at al-‘alam istayqiza'' (s.l., ca. 1995),
*''al-Thawra al-ba’isa'' (''The Miserable Revolution''):
a critique of
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of ...
and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
*''al-Mudtahidan''
Books on Islamic philosophy
*''Min al-Suhrawardi ila l-Kindi'' (Beirut 1979)
*''Min al-Kindi ila ibn Rushd'' (Beirut, Paris 1977)
*''al-Jadid fi falsafat Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi'' (Baghdad 1978)
Books on contemporary politics within Iran in the 1970s and ‘80s
*''Iran fi rub qarn'' (Baghdad 1972)
*''al-Thawra al-ba’isa'' (s.l., ca. 1985)
Iranian Oral History Project
Dr Musa al-Musawi was interviewed for 5 hours by Shahla Haeri for
Harvard
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
s the Iranian Oral History Project, the project is a collection of personal accounts of 134 individuals who played major roles in or were eyewitnesses to important political events in Iran from the 1920s to the 1980s. Amongst the people interviewed are
Massoud Rajavi
Massoud Rajavi ( fa, مسعود رجوی, born 18 August 1948 – disappeared 13 March 2003) became the leader of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1979. In 1985, he married Maryam Rajavi, who became the co-leader of the MEK. After leaving ...
,
Shapour Bakhtiar
Shapour Bakhtiar ( fa, شاپور بختیار, ; 26 June 19146 August 1991) was an Iranian politician who served as the last Prime Minister of Iran under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. In the words of historian Abbas Milani: "more than once in ...
,
Abolhassan Banisadr
Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr ( fa, سید ابوالحسن بنیصدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolis ...
and
Mehdi Haeri Yazdi
Mehdi Haeri Yazdi ( fa, مهدی حائری یزدی ; ar, المهدي الحائري اليزدي; ; b. 1923, Qom, Sublime State of Persia – 9 July 1999, Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian philosopher and Shia Islamic cleric. He was the first so ...
.
See also
*
Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism
Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam dates from the initial ideological rift among early Muslims that led to the two primary denominations of Islam, the Sunnis and the Shias. The question of succession to Muhammad in Islam, the nature of the Imam ...
Notes
External links
Iranian Oral History Project, Interview with Al-Musawi-Esfahani, Musa: Tape 01Iranian Oral History Project, Interview with Al-Musawi-Esfahani, Musa: Tape 02Iranian Oral History Project, Interview with Al-Musawi-Esfahani, Musa: Tape 03Iranian Oral History Project, Interview with Al-Musawi-Esfahani, Musa: Tape 04Iranian Oral History Project, Interview with Al-Musawi-Esfahani, Musa: Tape 05Shiah:a critical revision
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musawi, Musa al-
1930 births
1997 deaths
People from Najaf
Academic staff of the University of Tehran
Iranian scholars
20th-century Iranian writers
Iranian Sunni Muslims
Academic staff of the University of Baghdad
Iraqi former Shia Muslims
Iraqi people of Iranian descent
Al-Moussawi family
Critics of Shia Islam
Converts to Sunni Islam from Shia Islam
20th-century Iranian philosophers