Mukaththir ibn ‘Īsá ibn Fulaytah al-Ḥasanī al-‘Alawī ( ar, مكثر بن عيسى بن فليتة الحسني العلوي; d. 1203–1204) was the last

Emir of Mecca Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremo ...

from the sharifian Hawashim dynasty, reigning at least three times between 1176 and 1203. He was Mukaththir ibn

Isa Isa or ISA may refer to: Places * Isa, Amur Oblast, Russia * Isa, Kagoshima, Japan * Isa, Nigeria * Isa District, Kagoshima, former district in Japan * Isa Town, middle class town located in Bahrain * Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia * Mount Is ...

ibn Fulaytah ibn

Qasim Qasim, Qasem or Casim may refer to: * Qasim (name), a given name of Arabic origin and the name of several people * Port Qasim, port in Karachi, Pakistan * ''Kasım'' and ''Casim'', respectively the Ottoman Turkish and Romanian names for General To ...

ibn Abi Hashim Muhammad, and his ''

nasab Arabic language names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from the Arabic-speaking and also Muslim countries have not had given/ middle/family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout ...

'' (paternal lineage) continues to

Hasan ibn Ali Hasan ibn Ali ( ar, الحسن بن علي, translit=Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī; ) was a prominent early Islamic figure. He was the eldest son of Ali and Fatima and a grandson of the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ...

, the grandson of

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...

. On 2 Sha'ban 570 AH () Mukaththir's father died, and his brother

Da'ud David is a common masculine given name. It is of Hebrew language, Hebrew origin, and its popularity derives from King David, a figure of central importance in the Hebrew Bible and in the religious traditions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. E ...

became Emir of Mecca. Less than a year later, on the night of 15 Rajab 571 AH (), Mukaththir deposed his brother and assumed the Emirate. On 15 Sha'ban 571 AH () Turanshah, the brother of

Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...

, arrived in Mecca on his way to

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

. He summoned Mukaththir and Da'ud and made peace between them. In Dhu al-Hijjah of that year (June 1176) the Iraqi '' amir al-hajj'' Tashtakin al-Mustanjadi arrived with orders from the Caliph to depose Mukaththir. Fighting commenced on Yawm al-Nahr — 13 Dhu al-Hijjah () — and continued until 16 Dhu al-Hijjah (), when Mukaththir finally surrendered his castle on Mount Abu Qubays and left Mecca. Tashtakin gave custodianship of the Emirate to Qasim ibn Muhanna, the Emir of Medina, but he surrendered it to Da'ud after only three days, reportedly out of fear of retaliation from Mukaththir. Reports indicate that by the following year, 572 AH (1176–1177), Mukaththir had once again supplanted Da'ud as Emir. At some point the Emirate returned to Da'ud, as

al-Dhahabi Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348) was an Islamic historia ...

reports that he was Emir in 587 AH (1191–1192). He writes that in that year Da'ud looted the

Kaaba The Kaaba (, ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah ( ar, ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة, lit=Honored Ka'bah, links=no, translit=al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah), is a building at the c ...

of its wealth and stripped the Black Stone of its silver collar. When the ''amir al-hajj'' arrived he deposed Da'ud and installed Mukaththir once again as Emir. Da'ud died in 589 AH (1193), and Mukaththir reigned without interruption until Qatadah ibn Idris conquered Mecca and ended the reign of the Hawashim. According to varying reports, Qatadah's takeover of Mecca occurred between 597 and 599 AH (between 1200 and 1203). According to Ibn Mahfuz, in 597 AH (1200–1201) Hanzalah ibn Qatadah marched on Mecca and Mukaththir fled to Wadi Nakhlah, where he died in 600 AH (1203–1204).

Sources

Year of birth unknown 1200s deaths 12th-century Arab people Sharifs of Mecca 13th-century Arab people Hawashim dynasty {{MEast-royal-stub