Mujjāʿa ibn Siʿr al-Saʿdī al-Tamīmī () was the

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...

lieutenant governor of

Uman Uman ( uk, Умань, ; pl, Humań; yi, אומאַן) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine, to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the historical region of the eastern Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River ...

and later of

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

under the governor of Iraq and the eastern

caliphate A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to th ...

al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Abu Muhammad al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi Aqil al-Thaqafi ( ar, أبو محمد الحجاج بن يوسف بن الحكم بن أبي عقيل الثقفي, Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abī ʿAqīl al-T ...

. Al-Hajjaj considered appointing him lieutenant governor of

Khurasan Greater Khorāsān,Dabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 or Khorāsān ( pal, Xwarāsān; fa, خراسان ), is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plate ...

, but was dissuaded by Caliph Abd al-Malik and ultimately selected

Qutayba ibn Muslim Abū Ḥafṣ Qutayba ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ Muslim ibn ʿAmr al-Bāhilī ( ar, أبو حفص قتيبة بن أبي صالح مسلم بن عمرو الباهلي; 669–715/6) was an Arab commander of the Umayyad Caliphate who became governor of ...

Conquest of Oman

Unlike the rest of the

, the region of

Oman Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...

remained outside of direct

rule. Under Caliph Abd al-Malik (685–705), the viceroy of Iraq,

, set about restoring and expanding Umayyad rule across the entire Persian Gulf, including Oman. The region had been autonomously ruled by the

Azd The Azd ( ar, أَزْد), or ''Al-Azd'' ( ar, ٱلْأَزْد), are a tribe of Sabaean Arabs. In ancient times, the Sabaeans inhabited Ma'rib, capital city of the Kingdom of Saba' in modern-day Yemen. Their lands were irrigated by the Ma ...

ite dynasty of the Julandids. Al-Hajjaj's initial attempts were repulsed and a large expeditionary force was dispatched under Mujja'a's brother al-Qasim. The latter was slain and his army routed, prompting al-Hajjaj to appoint Mujja'a in his place. Mujja'a was equipped with a 40,000-strong army consisting of troops from the

Mudar The Mudar ( ar, مُضَر) are one of the most powerful northern Arab tribal groupings. History The Mudar and Rabi'a are recorded in central Arabia in the Arabic histories of the pre-Islamic period; the kings of the Kindah bore the title of ...

and Azd tribal factions of

Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...

garrison. Half the army attacked by land, while Mujjaa led the other half by sea. The land army was defeated by Sulayman ibn Abbad ibn Julanda, while Mujja'a engaged Sulaymans brother Said at Samalil. Said and Sulayman withdrew into Jabal al-Amhara where they alluded Mujja'a's troops. They later ambushed Mujja'a's ships docked off the coast near Muscat and defeated Mujja'a in battle. Al-Hajjaj sent 5,000 reinforcements under Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman. The combined pressure of al-Hajjaj's generals compelled the Julandid brothers into fleeing for the

Zanj Zanj ( ar, زَنْج, adj. , ''Zanjī''; fa, زنگی, Zangi) was a name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast) and to its Bantu inhabitants. This word is also ...

coast (Horn of Africa) and Mujja'a and Abd al-Rahman subjected Oman to Umayyad rule.

References

Bibliography

* * * *{{cite book , last1=Landen , first1=Robert Geran , title=Oman Since 1856: Disruptive Modernization in a Traditional Arab Society , date=1967 , publisher=Princeton University Press , isbn=9781400878277 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uz3WCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 8th-century Arabs Banu Tamim History of Oman Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad governors of Sind