Abu Abdallah Muhammad az-Zaghal (the Valiant) () ( 1444 – 1494) was the 23rd
Nasrid ruler of
Granada
Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...
in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
. Christians called him Mahoma XIII el Zagal.
Life
Muhammad fought in the
Granada War
The Granada War ( es, Guerra de Granada) was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1491 during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, against the Nasrid dynasty's Emirate of Granada. It e ...
next to his brother
Abu'l-Hasan Ali, also known as "Muley Hacén".
He succeeded his brother in 1485. He abdicated in 1486. After passing the throne to his nephew
Muhammad XII
Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر, Abū ʿAbdi-llāh Muḥammad ath-thānī ʿashar) (c. 1460–1533), known in Europe as Boabdil (a Spanish rendering of the name ''Abu Abdallah''), was the ...
, also known as Boabdil, el Zagal ruled over a fractured remnant of the kingdom in its last days.
When Muhammad XII surrendered the
Alhambra
The Alhambra (, ; ar, الْحَمْرَاء, Al-Ḥamrāʾ, , ) is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It is one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the ...
Palace to the
Catholic Monarchs
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the ''de facto'' unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being bot ...
, el Zagal left for
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
to gather an army. There he was imprisoned by the ruler of the
Wattasid dynasty
The Wattasid dynasty ( ber, Iweṭṭasen; ar, الوطاسيون, ''al-waṭṭāsīyūn'') was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent. The two families were related, and the Marinids r ...
, Boabdil's friend, who ordered to
blind him.
He presumably died in north-western
Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
, in
Tlemcen
Tlemcen (; ar, تلمسان, translit=Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran, and capital of the Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the por ...
, in 1494.
References
* Harvey, Leonard Patrick (1992), ''Islamic Spain 1250 to 1500'', University of Chicago Press
*
Irving, Washington (1832), ''
Tales of the Alhambra
''Tales of the Alhambra'' (1832) is a collection of essays, verbal sketches and stories by American author Washington Irving (1783–1859) inspired by, and partly written during, his 1828 visit to the palace/fortress complex known as the Alhambr ...
'',
Éditions Phébus
The éditions Phébus is a French publishing house established in 1976 by Jean-Pierre Sicre and taken over in 2003 by the .
Catalogue
Phébus publishes a catalog of French and foreign literature that is both contemporary (Julie Otsuka, Elif Sha ...
, 1998
online edition
External links
* Nasrid dynasty of Granada
بنو نصر/النصريون/بنو الأحمر في غرناطة- Requiem for Granada
TV show.
Sultans of Granada
1440s births
1490s deaths
15th-century monarchs in Europe
15th century in Al-Andalus
15th-century Arabs
{{Algeria-bio-stub