Muhammad Sultan (30 December 1639 – 14 December 1676) was the eldest son of

Mughal emperor The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...

Aurangzeb Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...

and his second wife

Nawab Bai Rahmat-un-Nissa ( fa, رحمت النساء بیگم; died 1691), better known by her title Nawab Bai ( fa, نواب بائی; meaning "The Great"), was a secondary wife of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. She gave birth to Aurangzeb's first two s ...

. His younger brother Muazzam later became Emperor as

Bahadur Shah I Bahadur Shah I (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), also known as Muhammad Mu'azzam and Shah Alam I. was the eighth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. In his youth, he conspired to overthrow his father Aurangzeb, t ...

in 1707.

Life

In April 1656, Muhammad Sultan was appointed Heir Apparent by his father-in-law

Abdullah Qutb Shah Abdullah Qutb Shah (also transliterated in different ways) was the seventh ruler of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India under the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ruled from 1626 to 1672. Abdullah, son of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah, was a polyglot, a ...

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...

Golconda Fort (Telugu: గోల్కొండ, romanized: ''Gōlkōnḍa'') is a historic fortress and ruined city located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It was originally called Mankal. The fort was originally built by Kakatiya ruler Pratāparu ...

and

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...

. When the succession war of the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

began in 1657, he joined his father-in-law Shah Shuja, and was appointed Chief-in-Commander and Principal Counsellor in 1659. He rejoined his father on February 20, 1660, and was imprisoned at

Salimgarh Fort Salimgarh Fort (Salim’s Fort) was built in 1546 AD, in Delhi, in a former island of the Yamuna River, by Salim Shah Suri, son of Sher Shah Suri. There was a pause in Mughal rule when in 1540 AD Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal Emperor Humay ...

in Delhi, 8 May 1660. Or the orders of his father, he was transferred to

Gwalior Fort The Gwalior Fort commonly known as the ''Gwāliiyar Qila'', is a hill fort near Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The fort has existed at least since the 10th century, and the inscriptions and monuments found within what is now the fort campus ind ...

and imprisoned there from January 1661 to December 1672. He died on December 14, 1676, in confinement at Salimgarh Prison.

Marriages

In 1656, during the siege of Golconda negotiations for peace were carried out between Aurangzeb and

. For this reason Hayat Bakhshi Begum, the Queen mother of Golconda, visited Aurangzeb and personally entreat him to spare her son. Aurangzeb agreed to restore the kingdom on the payment of one crore of rupees as indemnity and arrears of tribute and the marriage of his daughter with his son. Abdullah objected that the amount was too large, and there was delay in making the final settlement. On 10 April Aurangzeb withdrew from Golconda on the orders of Shah Jahan. On 13 April 1656, Muhammad married, by proxy, the second daughter of Abdullah Qutb Shah, named Padishah Bibi. On 20 April, she was brought away from the fort to her husband's camp. When Aurangzeb was still a prince, he and Prince Shah Shuja, in jealousy, had vowed to unite against their elder brother Prince

Dara Shikoh Dara Shikoh ( fa, ), also known as Dara Shukoh, (20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659) was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Dara was designated with the title ''Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba'' ("Prince of High Rank" ...

on their father's death. The vow had been strengthened by each entertaining the other for a week at Agra and betrothing young Muhammad to Shuja's daughter Gulrukh Banu Begum also known as Mah Khanum. Their fathers' quarrel had broken off the match when the pair came of age. Shuja sent secret messages to Muhammad, offering him the throne and the hand of his daughter. On the night of 18 June 1659, Muhammad slipped out of Dogachi with five servants, some gold coins and jewels, and went over to Shuja's camp, and married Gulrukh Banu Begum. In 1660, she fled to Arakan with her father, and died in 1661. On 26 December 1672, Aurangzeb ordered Darab Khan to bring Muhammad Sultan into his sleeping chamber. He had audience, and after interview, Muhammad Sultan married Dostar Banu Begum, daughter of Prince

Murad Bakhsh Muhammad Murad Bakhsh ( fa, ), (9 October 1624 – 14 December 1661) was a Mughal prince and the youngest surviving son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal. He was the Subedar of Balkh, till he was replaced by his elder ...

. He was presented with a robe, a sword, a jewelled muttaka, and a horse with a jewelled saddle. In the khwabgah, Aurangzeb put a pearl chaplet on the prince's head and took him to the mosque. The Qazi-ul-Quzat Abdul Wahab, with Mulla Muhammad Yaqub as his agent, and Mir Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji and Mulla Auz Wajih as witnesses, tied the knot. Two lakh rupees settled as the marriage portion. Shuja'et Khan, Shaikh Nizam, Dirbar Khan, Bakhtawar Khan, and Khidmatgar Khan were present. Dostar Banu Begum died at Rustam Khan's palace on 4 March 1676. On 12 January 1675, Shaikh Nizam married Muhammad Sultan to Bai Phup Devi, daughter of the Raja of Kishtwar. She was the mother of Prince Masa'ud Bakhsh Mirza born on 15 August 1676, and died on 18 June 1677. On 10 September 1676, he married the daughter of the brother of Daulatabadi Mahal.

Ancestry

References

Bibliography

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Sultan 1639 births 1676 deaths Mughal princes People from Delhi