Muhammad ibn Lubb ibn Musa (, k. outskirts of

Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tribut ...

, 898), was a Muslim

lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or ...

who at different times held

and Larida, Mestre, 1998: p. 722, entry: "Muhammad ibn Llop" on the

Upper March The Upper March (in ar, الثغر الأعلى, ''aṯ-Tagr al-A'la''; in Spanish: ''Marca Superior'') was an administrative and military division in northeast Al-Andalus, roughly corresponding to the Ebro valley and adjacent Mediterranean coa ...

Al-Andalus Al-Andalus translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label= Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the Mus ...

Family

Muhammad was son of Lubb ibn Musa (and thus grandson of the famous

Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi ( also nicknamed ''the Great'' (); died 26 September 862) was leader of the Muwallad Banu Qasi clan and ruler of a semi-autonomous principality in the upper Ebro valley in northern Iberia in the 9th century. Rise Musa ibn ...

), from the prominent Muwallad Muslim

Banu Qasi The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi ( ar, بني قسي or بنو قسي, meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius"), Banu Musa, or al-Qasawi were a Muladí (local convert) dynasty that in the 9th century ruled the Upper March, a frontier t ...

clan, of

Visigothic The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is k ...

or Hispano-Roman extraction. His mother was ʿAjub al-Balatuyya (

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...

: عَجَب البَلاطيَّة). He had at least six sons, Lubb, Musa, Yusuf, Abd Allah, Yunus and Mutarrif.

Biography

When his father and his uncles rebelled against

emir Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cer ...

Muhammad I of Córdoba, Muhammad ibn Lubb supported the emir leading an army that defeated his own uncle, Isma'il ibn Musa. In 882, he had already conquered Zaragoza, where attempted to rule independent of Córdoba

, but faced with constant pressure of the

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Wester ...

Banu Tujib clan ( ar, بنو تجيب), he was forced to sell Zaragoza to the emir by 885. Raimon, count of Pallars acted as intermediary in the transfer. After further family disputes, and with the ascendancy of

Abd Allah Abd Allah ( ar, عبدالله, translit=ʻAbd Allāh), also spelled Abdallah, Abdellah, Abdollah, Abdullah and many others, is an Arabic name meaning "Servant of God". It is built from the Arabic words '' abd'' () and ''Allāh'' (). Although the ...

to the throne of Córdoba, Muhammad's pact with the new emir led to his appointment as ''

wali A wali (''wali'' ar, وَلِيّ, '; plural , '), the Arabic word which has been variously translated "master", "authority", "custodian", "protector", is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic saint, otherwise referred to by t ...

'' of Larida, contrarily to the pretensions that the ''wali'' of

Huesca Huesca (; an, Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009 it had a population of 52,059, al ...

Muhammad al-Tawil Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik al-Tawil ( ar, محمد بن عبد الملك الطويل, died 913 or 914) was a Muwallad Wāli of Huesca and a prominent Muslim lord in the Upper March ( ar, الثغر الأعلى , ''Aṯ-Ṯaḡr al-Aʿlà'') ...

. Muhammad ibn Lubb then ceded control of Larida to his son Lubb. In 897, Muhammad conquered

Toledo Toledo most commonly refers to: * Toledo, Spain, a city in Spain * Province of Toledo, Spain * Toledo, Ohio, a city in the United States Toledo may also refer to: Places Belize * Toledo District * Toledo Settlement Bolivia * Toledo, Orur ...

, and in 898 he initiated a new

military campaign A military campaign is large-scale long-duration significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of interrelated military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war. The term derives from the ...

to recover Zaragoza, but he was killed during its siege, surprised by an enemy warrior while he was resting, on October 8. A. Cañada, 1980: p. 68-70 Muhammad was succeeded by his son Lubb, who continued his siege of Zaragoza. His son Yunus briefly controlled Monzón but was unable to hold it against Muhammad al-Tawil. Quarrels among Muhammad ibn Lubb's sons and grandchildren, along with pressure from the Kingdom of Pamplona to the north and the Emirate of Córdoba to the south would lead to the complete dismantling of Banu Qasi power throughout the

Ebro , name_etymology = , image = Zaragoza shel.JPG , image_size = , image_caption = The Ebro River in Zaragoza , map = SpainEbroBasin.png , map_size = , map_caption = The Ebro ...

valley.

References

Bibliography

* * {{Authority control Banu Qasi People of the Emirate of Córdoba Generals of the medieval Islamic world History of Catalonia Upper March 9th-century Al-Andalus people