Mohammed Hussein Heikal ( ar, محمد حسين هيكل ; August 20, 1888 – December 8, 1956) was an
Egyptian
Egyptian describes something of, from, or related to Egypt.
Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to:
Nations and ethnic groups
* Egyptians, a national group in North Africa
** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of years of ...
writer, journalist, politician. He held several cabinet posts, including
minister of education.
Life
Haekal was born in Kafr Ghannam,
Mansoura
Mansoura (' , rural: ) is a city in Egypt, with a population of 960,423. It is the capital of the Dakahlia Governorate.
Etymology
''Mansoura'' in Arabic means "victorious". The city is named after the El Mansoura Battle against Louis IX of Fr ...
,
Ad Daqahliyah
Dakahlia Governorate ( ar, محافظة الدقهلية ', ) is an Egyptian governorate lying northeast of Cairo. Its area is approximately 3,500 km2. Although the capital of the governorate is Mansoura, it got its name from the ancient tow ...
in 1888. He obtained a
B.A.
Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years ...
in Law in 1909 and a PhD from the
Sorbonne University
Sorbonne University (french: Sorbonne Université; la Sorbonne: 'the Sorbonne') is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon ...
in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
in 1912. While a student in Paris, he composed what is considered the first authentic Egyptian novel, ''
Zaynab''. After returning to Egypt, he worked as a lawyer for 10 years, then as a
journalist
A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalism ...
. He published articles in ''
Al Jarida''. He was the cofounder of ''
Al Siyasa'' newspaper, the organ of the Liberal Constitutionalist party for which he was also an adviser
and was also elected as its
editor-in-chief
An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies.
The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...
. In 1937, he was appointed as minister of state for the interior ministry in the
Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha's second government. In November 1940 he was appointed minister of education to the
cabinet
Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to:
Furniture
* Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers
* Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets
* Filing ...
led by
Hussein Sirri Pasha
Hussein, Hussain, Hossein, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein or Husain (; ar, حُسَيْن ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-i-N ( ar, ح س ی ن, link=no), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "h ...
.
In this post he introduced several reforms, including decentralization, by establishing educational zones and making programs and curricula nationally oriented. He was greatly influenced and inspired by the comprehensive reforms of
Mohammad Abduh,
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed or Aḥmad Luṭfī Sayyid Pasha () (15 January 1872 – 5 March 1963) was a prominent Egyptian nationalist, intellectual, anti-colonial activist and the first director of Cairo University. He was an influential person in the ...
and
Qasim Amin
Qasim Amin (, arz, قاسم أمين; 1 December 1863, in AlexandriaPolitical and diplomatic history of the Arab world, 1900-1967, Menahem Mansoor – April 22, 1908 in Cairo) was an Egyptian jurist, Islamic Modernist and one of the founders ...
. One of his
protégé
Mentorship is the influence, guidance, or direction given by a mentor. A mentor is someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often younger person. In an organizational setting, a mentor influences the personal and p ...
s was the historian
Husayn Fawzi al-Najjar.
Heikal is the father of seven children: Ateya, Taheya, Hussein, Hedeya, Bahiga,
Fayza Haikal
Fayza Mohamed Hussein Haikal (born 1938) is a professor emerita of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo and the first Egyptian woman to earn a PhD in Egyptology.
Education and career
Haikal was born on April 11, 1938; her father w ...
, and Ahmad. Fayza teaches
Egyptology
Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , '' -logia''; ar, علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious ...
at the
American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo (AUC; ar, الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, Al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs ...
.
Works
His works include:
*''
Zeinab'', 1913; the first modern Egyptian novel.(زينب)
*''Biographies of Egyptian and Western Personalities'', 1929.
*''The Life of The Noble Prophet Muhammad'', 1933(حياة محمد)
*''In the House of Revelation'', 1939.(فى منزل الوحى)
*"Ten days in the Sudan"(عشرة أيام فى السودان)
*Sayyidina ''
Al Farouq Omar'',1944/45.
*''Memories on Egyptian politics'', 1951-53.(مذكرات فى السياسة المصرية)
*''Thus Was I Created'',1955.
*''Faith, Knowledge and Philosophy'', published in 1964.
*''The Islamic Empire and sacred places'', published in 1964 .
*''Egyptian short stories'', published in 1967.
*Sayyidina ''
Uthman Ibn Affan
Uthman ibn Affan ( ar, عثمان بن عفان, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān; – 17 June 656), also spelled by Colloquial Arabic, Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was a second cousin, son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic proph ...
'', published in 1968.
*''Mehraj-ud-din beigh'', Arabic master
Further reading
* (in German) Baber Johansen: ''Muhammad Husain Haikal. Europa und der Orient im Weltbild eines ägytischen Liberalen.'' (Series: Beiruter Texte und Studien, BTS, 5) Ergon, Würzburg and al-Furat, Beirut 1967
Notes
References
Heykalfrom Egypt state information service.
External links
English translation.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heikal, Mohammed Hussein
1888 births
1956 deaths
Egyptian newspaper founders
Egyptian novelists
Education Ministers of Egypt
Egyptian pashas
People from Mansoura, Egypt
20th-century novelists
20th-century journalists