Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was a contemporary

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

Muslim

Faqīh A faqīh (plural ''fuqahā'', ar, فقيه, pl. ‏‎) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in ''fiqh'', or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law. Definition Islamic jurisprudence or ''fiqh'' is the human understanding of the Sharia ( ...

and a

Twelver Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers t ...

Marja' Marji ( ar, مرجع, transliteration: ''marjiʿ''; plural: ''marājiʿ''), literally meaning "source to follow" or "religious reference", is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority giv ...

who was in charge of the administration of the

Qom Seminary The Qom Seminary () is the largest Islamic seminary (''hawza'') in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom. It trains Usuli scholars. History Although big Shi'a academies existed in Qom dating back as earl ...

for ten years. He was born on 17 March 1893 and died on 19 January 1953. He was a prominent student of

Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi Grand Ayatollah Hajj Sheikh Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi ( fa, عبدالکریم حائری یزدی; ar, عبد الكريم الحائري اليزدي ; 1859 – 30 January 1937) was a Twelver Shia Muslim scholar and marja. He was the founder of a ...

and after him held the position of

Shia Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, mo ...

authority.

Birth and lineage

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was born on 17 March 1893 in

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. His family was a religious family and his father, Seyyed Ali Kooh Kamari Tabrizi, was one of the mujtahids of Tabriz. His lineage is from

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' (, ; ar, سيد ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is a surname of people descending from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, sons of Muhamma ...

s of Kooh Kamar in Zonuzaq Rural District,

Marand County Marand County ( fa, شهرستان مرند) is located in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Marand Marand ( fa, مرند; ; also Romanized as Morand) is a city and capital of Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, ...

East Azerbaijan Province East Azerbaijan Province ( fa, استان آذربایجان شرقی ''Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi''; az-Arab, شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan, bordering Armeni ...

and goes back to

Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ( ar, علي بن الحسين زين العابدين), also known as al-Sajjād (, ) or simply as Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (), , was an Imam in Shiʻi Islam after his father Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle Hasan ...

Scientific life

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari studied

literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...

, mathematics, ancient

medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pr ...

and some new sciences in

. He learned most of the basic courses of Islamic jurisprudence and principles from his father there and also taught for some time. In 1912, he went to

Najaf Najaf ( ar, ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf ( ar, ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), also known as Baniqia ( ar, بَانِيقِيَا), is a city in central Iraq about 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated popula ...

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...

to continue his education after taking basic seminary courses from his father. In Najaf, he learned Islamic jurisprudence,

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, also known as ''uṣūl al-fiqh'' ( ar, أصول الفقه, lit. roots of fiqh), are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law ('' ...

Hadith studies Hadith studies ( ar, علم الحديث ''ʻilm al-ḥadīth'' "science of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism or hadith criticism) consists of several religious scholarly disciplines used by Muslim scholars in th ...

and

Biographical evaluation Biographical evaluation ( ar, عِلْمُ الرِّجال, ʿilm al-rijāl; literally meaning'' 'Knowledge of Men' , ''but more commonly understood as the ''Science of Narrators)'' refers to a discipline of Islamic religious studies within ha ...

from the masters of Najaf seminary, including

Mohammed Kazem Yazdi Mohammed Kazem Tabataba'i Yazdi (; 1831–1919) was a Twelver Shia Marja' based in Najaf, most famous for compiling a collection of religious rulings, al-Urwa al-wuthqa. Constitutional Revolution He was apolitical, and therefore during the Iran ...

Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani ( fa, فتح‌الله غروی اصفهانی;‎ 1850–1920) was a Persian cleric and rebel. Early life He was the child of Mohammad Javad Namazi, the ''Marja'' of Isfahan. He studied at the Isfahan Seminary ...

and

Agha Zia ol Din Araghi Zia'eddin Araghi also known as Agha Zia'eddin Araghi ( fa, آقا ضیاء الدین عراقی) was an eminent Shia jurist, Usuli and Mujtahid during the flourishing the Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school in Shia after Muhammad Baqir Behbahani. F ...

. He also studied

astronomy Astronomy () is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, g ...

there. Hojjat fell ill during his studies in Najaf and returned to Tabriz on the advice of his father, but after a while he went to Najaf again and in addition to continuing his education, he also taught. In 1930, he returned to Iran and settled in Qom and began teaching in the

. His eloquence and mastery in teaching and his surroundings on the opinions and sources of Islamic jurisprudence attracted many students to his study circle. In 1945, he started the foundation of Hojjatieh school in Qom.

Shia authority

After the deaths of Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani in 1947 and Seyyed Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi in 1948, he became a

authority; And millions followed him in religious rulings. He had authority of

from some of his masters, including his father,

, Shariat Isfahani, Seyyed Abutorab Khansari, Abdullah Mamaqani, Seyyed Hassan Sadr, Mohammad Baqer Birjandi,

and Mohammad Hossein Kashif al-Ghatta. He also received a certificate of Ijtihad from

Muhammad Hossein Naini Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad-Hossein Naini Gharavi ( fa, ; May 25, 1860 – August 14, 1936) was Iranian Shia marja'. His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one were Sheikhs of Nain and Mohammad Hussein proved him ...

and some of his other teachers.

His books

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari has many writings in

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

and

Hadith studies

His most important

hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approva ...

works are: * Lavame ol-Anvar al-Qaraviah fi Morsalat el-Asar el-Nabavieh ( ar, لَوامِعُ الاَنوار الغَرَویة فی مُرْسَلاتِ الآثارِ النَّبَویة) * Mostadrak ol-Mostadrak fi Estedrake ma Fata An Sahebe el-Mostadrak ( ar, مُسْتَدْرَکُ المُسْتَدرَک فی اِستِدراکِ ما فاتَ عن صاحبِ المُسْتَدرَک) * Jame ol-Ahadith va al-Osool ( ar, جامعُ الاحادیث و الاصول)

Fiqh

His important jurisprudential works are: * Ketab al-Beie ( ar, کتاب‌البیع) * Ketab ol-Salat ( ar, کتاب‌الصلوة) * Ketab al-Vaqf ( ar, کتاب‌الوقف) * Tanqih ol-Mataleb ol-Mobhamah fi Amal el-Sovar el-Mojassamah ( ar, تَنْقیحُ المطالبُ المُبْهَمَة فی عَمَلِ الصُّوَرِ المُجسّمة) * Manaseke Haj ( fa, مناسک حج) * Kholasat ol-Ahkam ( ar, خلاصةالاحکام) * Montakhab ol-Ahkam ( ar, منتخب‌الاحکام) * Tarjomeye Farsi Bedayat ol-Hedayah (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

translation of ar, بِدایةُ الهدایة) He also published notes on some Fatwa books, including: * Vasilat ol-Nejah ( ar, وسیلة النجاة) by Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani * Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa ( ar, عروةالوثقی) by

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence

He has written the following books on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence: * Resalat al-Estes'hab ( ar, رسالة الاستصحاب) * Notes on

Kefayah al-osul Kifayat al-Usul ( ar, كفاية الاصول) (''Sufficiency of Principles'') is a two-volume book that contains the most notable works of Akhund Khorasani in the field of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (''Usul al-Fiqh''). ''Kifayat al-Us ...

( ar, کفایة الاصول) by

Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani Marja', Ayatullah Sheikh Muhammad Kazim Khurasani ( fa, ; 1839 – 12 December 1911), commonly known as Akhund Khurasani ( fa, ) was a Shia Islam, Shia jurist and political activist. He is known for using his position as a Marja', Marja as le ...

Biographical evaluation

The

book of him is: * Notes on Tanqih ol-Maqal ( ar, تَنْقیحُ المَقال) by Abdullah Mamaqani According to

Shahab ud-Din Mar'ashi Najafi Shahab ad-Din Muhammad Hussain Mar'ashi Najafi (July 21, 1897 – August 29, 1990) ( ar, اية الله العظمى السيد شهابالدين الحسينى المرعشى نجفى) was an Iraqi Shia ''Grand Ayatollah'' and Marja'. Educat ...

, some of Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari's writings, were in his library in his own handwriting and have not been published.

His students

Due to his years of education in the

Hawza Najaf The Najaf Seminary ( ar, حوزة النجف), also known as the al-Hawza Al-Ilmiyya (الحوزة العلمية), is the oldest and one of the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the world. It is located in the city of Najaf in Iraq. The ...

and the

, he was able to raise many outstanding students. Some of them are: * Seyyed Mohammad Taqi Ghazanfari * Seyyed Mohammad Mohaqeq Damad *

Mirza Hashem Amoli Ayatollah Mirza Hashem Amoli Larijani ( fa, لاریجانی میرزا هاشم آملی; 26 February 189925 February 1993) was an Iranian Shia Marja' and scholar of jurisprudence. Biography Hashem Amoli Larijani was born on 26 February 189 ...

* Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei *

Mousa Shubairi Zanjani Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mousa Shubairi Zanjani ( fa, موسی شبیری زنجانی, ar, موسی الشبيري الزنجاني, born March 2, 1928) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. Biography He was born in Qom to Sayyid Ahmed Shubairi ...

* Morteza Haeri Yazdi * Ali Safi Golpaygani * Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani * Mirza Ali Qoravi Alyari * Ja'far Sobhani *

Hossein Wahid Khorasani Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Hossein Wahid Khorasani ( fa, حسین وحید خراسانی; born Mohammad-Hossein Molla-Saleh (Persian: )‎; 1 January 1921) is an Iranian author and Shia marja'. He is the current head of the Qom Seminary. Khorasa ...

* Abdul Karim Haghshenas *

Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i or Sayyid Mohammad Hossein Tabataba'i (16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his '' ...

* Mehdi Haeri Yazdi *

Ali Meshkini Ali Akbar Feiz Aleni ( fa, علی‌اکبر فیض آلنی; 2 December 1921 – 30 July 2007), better known as Ali Meshkini, was an Iranian cleric and politician. Life Meshkini was an Iranian Azerbaijani born in a village near Meshkin Shahr ...

* Moslem Malakouti *

Ali al-Sistani Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani ( ar, علي الحسيني السيستاني; fa, , Ali-ye Hoseyni-ye Sistāni; born 4 August 1930), commonly known as Ayatollah Sistani, is an Iranian–Iraqi Twelver Shia Ayatollah and marja'. He has been describe ...

Mohammad Sadoughi Mohammad Sadoughi ( fa, محمد صدوقی; 1909–1982) known as "Sevomin-Shahide-Mehrab" (the 3rd martyr of Mihrab) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Ayatollah who was born in Yazd. He was a/the representative of Yazd people in the assembly of experts ...

* Karamatollah Malek-Hosseini

Death

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari, after a period of serious illness, died on 19 January 1953 at the age of 62 in Qom and was buried in a room next to the

mosque A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...

of the Hojjatieh School.

Commemoration

The commemoration of Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was held in February 2018 by the

References

External links

Hojjat Kooh Kamari on Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

Hojjat Kooh Kamari on wikinoor
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kooh Kamari, Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat 1893 births 1953 deaths People from Tabriz Iranian Shia clerics Shia scholars of Islam