Habib Habib ( ar, حبيب, ''ḥabīb''; ), sometimes written as Habeeb, is an Arabic masculine given name, occasional surname, and honorific, with the meaning "beloved" or "my love", or "darling". It also forms the famous Arabic word ‘''Habibi’'' ...

Muhammad bin Yahya ( ar-at, محمّد بن يحيى , Muḥammad bin Yahyā; full name: ( ar-at, سيد محمّد بن علي بن حسن بن طه بن يحيى العلوي, Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī bin Ḥasan bin Ṭāhā bin Yaḥyā al-‘Alawī); 1844 CE/1260 AH – February 17, 1947 CE/ Rabi' al-awwal 26, 1366 AH) or better known as the title of Prince Noto Igomo was an Indonesian scholar from

Hadhramaut Hadhramaut ( ar, حَضْرَمَوْتُ \ حَضْرَمُوتُ, Ḥaḍramawt / Ḥaḍramūt; Hadramautic: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩, ''Ḥḍrmt'') is a region in South Arabia, comprising eastern Yemen, parts of western Oman and southern Saud ...

who became the

Grand Mufti The Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is the head of regional muftis, Islamic jurisconsults, of a state. The office originated in the early modern era in the Ottoman empire and has been later adopted in a num ...

Kutai Kutai is a historical region in what is now known as East Kalimantan, Indonesia on the island of Borneo and is also the name of the native ethnic group of the region (known as ''Urang Kutai'' or "the Kutai people"), numbering around 300,000 w ...

during the reign of Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (1899-1910).

Biography

Early life

Habib Muhammad bin Yahya was born in 1260 AH (1844 CE) in Al-Masilah, a small village in

. Muhammad came from the family of

Ba 'Alawi sada The Ba 'Alawi sadah or Sadah Ba 'Alawi ( ar-at, السادة آل باعلوي, al-sādatu al-bā'alawiy) are a group of Hadhrami Sayyid families and social group originating in Hadhramaut in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula. The ...

surnamed Aal bin Yahya, his father named

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' (, ; ar, سيد ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is a surname of people descending from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, sons of Muhamma ...

Ali bin Hasan bin Thaha bin Yahya (d.1875), while his mother was a

Sharif Sharīf ( ar, شريف, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled shareef or sherif, feminine sharīfa (), plural ashrāf (), shurafāʾ (), or (in the Maghreb) shurfāʾ, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, f ...

ah from the family of bin Thahir. Majalah alKisah No.02/Year VII/26 January–February 8, 2009, p.134-139 The father of his grandfather, Habib Thaha bin Muhammad bin Yahya was his ancestor who first entered

Nusantara Nusantara most commonly refers to: *Nusantara (archipelago), an Old Javanese term which initially referred to the conquered territories of the Majapahit empire, corresponding to present-day Indonesia *Nusantara (planned city), the future capital ci ...

. He first entered

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

via Penang,

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

. In Penang, he met Sultan

Hamengkubuwana II Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro, was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810, 1811–12Daendels stood down HBII in favour of his son Hamengkubuwono III and fina ...

(1750–1828) who exiled by the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, who later became his disciple as well as his father-in-law.

Personal life

During his lifetime, Habib Muhammad bin Yahya was married to four women. ''First'', he married in Tarim while traveling from Hadhramaut to Aden via Tarim, from which he had no offspring. ''Secondly'', when traveling from

Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...

to Surabaya he married a girl from Surabaya who gave him a daughter named Sharifah Fatimah. ''Third'', he married in

Ambon Ambon may refer to: Places * Ambon Island, an island in Indonesia ** Ambon, Maluku, a city on Ambon Island, the capital of Maluku province ** Governorate of Ambon, a colony of the Dutch East India Company from 1605 to 1796 * Ambon, Morbihan, a c ...

while traveling from Surabaya to Ambon to meet his cousin Habib Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Thahir, from whom he had a son named Sayyid Ali. ''Fourth'', he married in

Tenggarong Tenggarong is a town in and the capital of Kutai Kartanegara Regency of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The former Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate's capital was likewise located in Tenggarong. Historically, the then capital was called ''Tepian P ...

with Aji Aisyah gelar Aji Raden Resminingpuri, daughter of Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (19th Sultan of Kutai) and sister of Aji Muhammad Parikesit (20th Sultan of Kutai). From his marriage to Aji Aisyah, he was awarded 9 children, 6 men (Sayid Ahmad, Sayid Umar, Sayid Ali, Sayid Barri, Sayid Abdul Maula, and Sayid Hussein) and 3 women (Sharifah Sehhah, Sharifah Nur, and Sharifah Fatimah). Because of his marriage to the Kutai nobility, his descendants were later given the title Aji Sayid for men and Aji Syarifah for women. Adji Raden Sajid Fadly, an Indonesian actor from

Samarinda Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of . Samarinda ranks first on East Kalimantan Human Development Index and it ...

is one of his descendants.

Migrate to Indonesia

Journey from Hadhramaut

The thing behind the immigration of Habib Muhammad bin Yahya to Indonesia in addition to visiting his relatives in Batavia (now Jakarta) and Ambon who first migrated, also for trade and preach. The route from Al-Masilah, Hadhramaut to Indonesia there are two versions, ''first'', from Masilah-Tarim-Aden-Batavia-Surabaya-Ambon-Tenggarong; second, from Masilah-Tarim-Aden-Batavia-Surabaya-Ambon-Surabaya-Tenggarong. On his journey from Al-Masilah to Indonesia, Habib Muhammad passed Aden through Tarim. At Tarim, he's staying in a house where the owner is exposed to

leprosy Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damag ...

. By Allah's permission, the owner of the house affected by the leprosy was treated by him and healed. As gratitude, the homeowner then marry off his niece with Habib Muhammad. After surviving in Tarim for some time, Habib Muhammad then continued his journey to Aden until he reached Batavia. In Batavia, he visited his maternal uncle, Habib Abu Bakar bin Thahir. After continuing his journey to Surabaya, in Boto Putih he studied religion to Habib Shaykh Bafaqih. In addition, he also met his cousin named Habib Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Thahir who was in Ambon.

Arrival in Tenggarong

Habib Muhammad bin Yahya arrived at

in 1877. In Tenggarong, he married the daughter of Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (19th Sultan of Kutai) named Aji Aisyah gelar Aji Raden Resminingpuri.

Activity

Mufti of Kutai

Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin gave the position as the

penghulu Penghulu ( Jawi: ; also Pěnghulu) is the headman or chief of a region in traditional societies on the Malay archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia. The term is currently used in Brunei and Malaysia as the community leader of the smaller country ...

and

mufti A Mufti (; ar, مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (''fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatwas'' played an important role ...

of the sultanate who had full authority to take care of all sultanate issues about religious to Habib Muhammad bin Yahya. He also obtained an honorary title from the Sultan with the title "Raden Syarif Penghulu", then was continued with the title of "Prince Noto Igomo". During his tenure, Prince Noto Igomo teaches Islam such as the laws of Sharia and Sufism to the people of Tenggarong and surrounding areas. Together with the Islamic scholars, he encouraged the acceleration of Islamic preaching in Kalimantan. One of the

da'wah Dawah ( ar, دعوة, lit=invitation, ) is the act of inviting or calling people to embrace Islam. The plural is ''da‘wāt'' (دَعْوات) or ''da‘awāt'' (دَعَوات). Etymology The English term ''Dawah'' derives from the Arabic ...

colleagues who supported his " jihad" was Habib Alwi bin Abdullah al-Habsy, an Arab Captain in Barabai, South Kalimantan. Both are close friends while in Hadhramaut and reunited in the land of Borneo.

Other activities

In addition to taking care and teaching religion, he also paid attention to people's welfare issues by way of inviting people to work on plantations. Together with the community, he then opened a coconut plantation in Sangkulirang, East Kutai; rattan plantations in Sandaran, East Kutai; and rubber plantations in Bukit Jering, Muara Kaman, Kutai Kartanegara.

Died

Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin and Prince Noto Igomo tombs at Makam Kelambu Kuning. On 26 Rabi' al-awwal 1366 AH or coinciding with 17 February 1947 CE, Habib Muhammad bin Yahya gelar Raden Syarif Prince Noto Igomo died. His corpse was buried in Makam Kelambu Kuning,

Kutai Kartanegara Regency Kutai Kartanegara Regency (abbreviated as ''Kukar'') is a regency of East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. It has a land area of 27,263.10 km2 and a water area of 4,097 km2, geographically located between 1°18′40″S and 116°31′36 ...

East Kalimantan East Kalimantan ( Indonesian: ) is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census (within the current boundary), 3.42 million at the 2015 census, and 3 ...

. The restingplace was adjacent to the tomb of his wife and father-in-law, Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin. Ceremonial to remember the death (''haul'') of Habib Muhammad bin Yahya was always commemorated every year in Hasanuddin Mosque, Tenggarong.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

* {{cite journal , last=Idham , first=Idham , date=2014 , title=Makam Noto Igomo (Arkeologi Makam Tokoh Agama di Tenggarong Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur) , trans-title=Tomb Noto Igomo (Archaeological Tomb Tenggarong Religious Leaders in Kutai, East Kalimantan) , language=id , url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/41963-ID-makam-noto-igomo.pdf , journal=Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion , volume=21 , issue=1 , pages=117–129 , doi= 10.18784/analisa.v21i1.32, ref={{sfnRef, Idham, 2014 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20180316204623/https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/41963-ID-makam-noto-igomo.pdf , archive-date=2018-03-16 , issn=2443-3853 , location=Jakarta , publisher=Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia , access-date=2018-03-17 , url-status=live , doi-access=free 1844 births 1947 deaths Indonesian Muslims 19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Sunni Sufis Yemeni emigrants to Indonesia Indonesian people of Yemeni descent Hashemite people Grand Muftis Indonesian Muslim scholars of Islam