Al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Hasan bin ‘Alawi bin ‘Abbas bin ‘Abd al-‘Aziz (1944–2004), also knowing as Muhammad ibn Alawi al-Maliki, was one of the foremost traditional

Sunni Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagr ...

Islamic scholar In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of reli ...

of contemporary times from

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...

. He was referred to as the Mujaddid of 20th-21st century.

Life

Family background

The Maliki family is one of the most respected families in Mecca and has produced great scholars who taught in the Haram of Mecca for centuries. In fact, five of the Sayyid's ancestors have been the Maliki Imams of the Haram of Mecca. Muhammad ibn Alawi al-Maliki was born in

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...

. Due to the well-known nature of their family, they preferred to teach themselves in the Sacred Holy Mosque.

Education

With his father’s instruction, he also studied and mastered the various traditional Islamic sciences of

Aqidah ''Aqidah'' ( (), plural ''ʿaqāʾid'', also rendered ''ʿaqīda'', ''aqeeda'', etc.) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin that literally means " creed". It is also called Islamic creed and Islamic theology. ''Aqidah'' go beyond concise state ...

Tafsir Tafsir ( ar, تفسير, tafsīr ) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' ( ar, مُفسّر; plural: ar, مفسّرون, mufassirūn). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, in ...

Hadith Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...

Seerah Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya (), commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadiths, most historical information about his life and th ...

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

, Usul, Mustalah, Nahw, etc. Scholars of Mecca, as well as

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...

, all of whom granted him full Ijazah to teach these sciences to others. Some of the scholars from whom he obtained ''ijazahs'' and chains of transmission from include: His father, 'Alawi ibn 'Abbas al-Maliki al-Hasani, al-Habib Ahmad Mashhur Taha al-Haddad, Hasanain Makhlouf,

Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani ( ar, محمد العربي التبّاني; 1897–1970), also known as Abu Hamid ibn Marzuq ( ar, أبو حامد بن مرزوق) was an Algerian Maliki jurist (faqih), Ash'ari theologian, Hadith scholar (muhaddit ...

, Muhammad Hafidh al-Tijani, Amin Kutbi,

Mustafa Raza Khan Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri (1892–1981) was an Indian Muslim scholar and author, and leader of the Sunni Barelvi movement following the death of its founder, his father Ahmed Raza Khan. He was known as ''Mufti-Azam-i-Hind'' to his followers. I ...

, and numerous others.

Career

Regardless of criticisms against him, al-Maliki retained prominence. In an attempt to counter Wahabism in the early 1990s, the Government of Saudi Arabia began supporting practitioners of Sufism in the Hijaz region as a way to bolster religious support of the state; al-Maliki became the self-imposed leader of Hijazi Sufism under state sponsorship, with several thousand supporters.

Death

He died in 2004 and was buried in Mecca. After his death, Saudi dignitaries made condolence visits to his family. Crown Prince 'Abd Allah (the future king) was quoted as stating that al-Maliki "was faithful both to his religion and country" as one western journalist noted, "the rehabilitation of his legacy was almost complete."

Literary Works

Al-Maliki has written on a variety of religious, legal, social and historical topics.

Selected works on various subjects

Aqidah

* Mafahim Yajib an Tusahhah (Conceptions That Need to Be Corrected) *Bidaah Menurut Ulama Salaf *On Celebrating the Birthday of Prophet * Manhaj al-Salaf fi Fahm al-Nusus * Al-Tahzir min al-Takfir * Huwa Allah * Qul Hazihi Sabeeli * Sharh ‘Aqidat al-‘Awam

Tafsir

* Zubdat al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an * Wa Huwa bi al-Ufuq al-‘A’la * Al-Qawa‘id al-Asasiyyah fi ‘Ulum al-Quran * Hawl Khasa’is al-Quran

Hadith

* Al-Manhal al-Latif fi Usul al-Hadith al-Sharif * Al-Qawa‘id al-Asasiyyah fi ‘Ilm Mustalah al-Hadith Al-Sharif * Fadl al-Muwatta wa Inayat al-Ummah al-Islamiyyah bihi * Anwar al-Masalik fi al-Muqaranah bayn Riwayat al-Muwatta lil-Imam Malik

Seerah

* Muhammad the Best of Creation * Muhammad al-Insan al-Kamil *Prophet's Night Journey and Heavenly ascent * ‘Urf al-T ‘arif bi al-Mawlid al-Sharif * Al-Anwar al-Bahiyyah fi Isra wa M’iraj Khayr al-Bariyyah * Al-Zakha’ir al-Muhammadiyyah * Zikriyat wa Munasabat * Al-Bushra fi Manaqib al-Sayyidah Khadijah al-Kubra *Prophet in the Barzakh and the Hadith of Isra and Miraj *

Fiqh

* Al-Risalah al-Islamiyyah Kamaluha wa Khuluduha wa `Alamiyyatuha * Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk * Al-Ziyarah al-Nabawiyyah bayn al-Shar`iyyah wa al-Bid`iyyah * Shifa' al-Fu'ad bi Ziyarat Khayr al-`Ibad * Hawl al-Ihtifal bi Zikra al-Mawlid al-Nabawi al-Sharif * Al-Madh al-Nabawi bayn al-Ghuluww wa al-Ijhaf

Usul

* Al-Qawa‘id al-Asasiyyah fi Usul al-Fiqh * Sharh Manzumat al-Waraqat fi Usul al-Fiqh * Mafhum al-Tatawwur wa al-Tajdid fi al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah

Tasawwuf

* Shawariq al-Anwar min Ad‘iyat al-Sadah al-Akhyar * Al-Mukhtar min Kalam al-Akhyar * Al-Husun al-Mani‘ah * Mukhtasar Shawariq al-Anwar

Miscellaneous

*Salawat Quraniyyah *Meluruskan Kesalahpahaman *Dialah Allah * Fi Rihab al-Bayt al-Haram (History of Mecca) * Al-Mustashriqun Bayn al-Insaf wa al-‘Asabiyyah (Study of Orientalism) * Nazrat al-Islam ila al-Riyadah (Sports in Islam) * Al-Qudwah al-Hasanah fi Manhaj al-Da‘wah ila Allah (Methods of Dawah) * Ma La ‘Aynun Ra’at (Description of Paradise) * Nizam al-Usrah fi al-Islam (Islam and Family) * Al-Muslimun Bayn al-Waqi‘ wa al-Tajribah (Contemporary Muslim world) * Kashf al-Ghumma (Virtues of helping fellow Muslims) * Al-Dawah al-Islahiyyah (Call for Reform) * Fi Sabil al-Huda wa al-Rashad (Collection of speeches) * Sharaf al-Ummah al-Islamiyyah (Superiority of the Muslim Ummah) * Usul al-Tarbiyah al-Nabawiyyah (Prophetic methods of education) * Nur al-Nibras fi Asanid al-Jadd al-Sayyid Abbas (Set of Grandfather’s Ijazahs) * Al-‘Uqud al-Lu’luiyyah fi al-Asanid al-Alawiyyah (Set of father’s Ijazahs) * Al-Tali‘ al-Sa‘id al-Muntakhab min al-Musalsalat wa al-Asanid (Set of Ijazahs) * Al-‘Iqd al-Farid al-Mukhtasar min al-Athbah wa al-Asanid (Set of Ijazahs)

References

External links

Extract from “Notions That Must Be Corrected” by Shaykh Muhammad b. Alawi al-Maliki al-Hasani

Getting to know the Sufis by Stephen Schwartz, The Weekly Standard
*

The Prophets in Barzakh and the Hadith of Isra and Miraj Followed by the Immense Merits of Al-Sham
- Online book by Shaikh Muhammad
The path ahead, Macleans.ca

Obituary on Islamica Magazine

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maliki, Muhammad Alawi 1944 births 2004 deaths Asharis Scholars of Sufism Saudi Arabian Sufis Maliki fiqh scholars Al-Azhar University alumni People from Mecca Umm al-Qura University faculty Banu Idris Shadhili order Sunni Muslim scholars Sunni imams Sunni Sufis 20th-century Saudi Arabian people Burials at Jannat al-Mu'alla Mujaddid Muslim reformers