The Mughal conquest of Mewar was a military campaign led by

Shah Jahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...

under the command of Emperor

Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

in 1615. After a year of

attrition warfare Attrition warfare is a military strategy consisting of belligerent attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and materiel. The word ''attrition'' comes from the Latin root , m ...

, Rana Amar Singh I surrendered conditionally to the Mughal forces.

Background

Amar Singh I, who succeeded Maharana Pratap, continued to contradict the Mughals. Following initial strikes, the Mughals took control of the plains of Mewar, forcing Amar Singh and his father into hiding. When

ascended to the throne, he launched a series of assaults against Amar Singh. Jahangir may have blamed himself for his failure to subdue the Sisodia Dynasty, as he had entrusted this task to Amar Singh twice while under

Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...

's rule. Thus, Jahangir was determined to defeat Amar Singh, so he sent Prince Parviz to subdue him, leading to the Battle of Dewair. However, Parviz had to halt the campaign due to Khusrau Mirza's rebellion. Despite Jahangir's appointment of Parviz, the battle was mainly commanded by Jahangir's brother-in-law, Asaf Khan, with Parviz serving as a symbolic figurehead. After his attempt was unsuccessful, Jahangir sent Mahabat Khan, Abdullah Khan, and Prince Khurram in succession. The prolonged conflict depleted Amar Singh's resources, and he eventually prepared to submit.

Aftermath

In 1615, Amar Singh submitted to the Mughals. The terms of submission were designed to satisfy both sides. Due to his advanced age, Amar Singh was not required to personally attend the

Mughal Mughal or Moghul may refer to: Related to the Mughal Empire * Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries * Mughal dynasty * Mughal emperors * Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia * Mughal architecture * Mug ...

court, and he was granted Mewar, including the city of Chittor, as a ''watan jagir'' (territory granted as a hereditary estate). Amar Singh's successor, Karan Singh, received a rank of 5,000. Meanwhile, the Mughals safeguarded their interests by prohibiting the fortification of Mewar.

Peace treaty

Following the loss of soldiers and finances caused by battles against the Mughals, Amar Singh deemed it wise to initiate negotiations with them. In 1615, he entered a treaty with Shah Jahan, who negotiated on behalf of Jahangir. Amar Singh received counsel from his advisors, including his grandmother, Jaiwanta Bai. According to the treaty, the ruler of Mewar was not obligated to personally appear at the Mughal court; instead, a relative of the Rana would represent him and serve the Mughal Emperor. Additionally, the agreement stipulated that the Ranas of Mewar were prohibited from forming matrimonial relations with the Mughals. Mewar was also required to maintain a contingent of 1,500 horsemen to serve Mughal. In recognition of his submission, the Rana was granted a Mughal rank of 5,000 ''zat'' (infantry soldiers) and 5000 ''sowar'' (cavalry soldiers). Later, when Amar Singh I visited Jahangir at Ajmer, he received a welcome from the Mughal Emperor, and the territories surrounding Chittor, including the Chittor Fort, were returned to Mewar as a gesture of goodwill.

References

{{reflist 1610s in the Mughal Empire Wars involving the Mughal Empire 1615 in India