Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan ibn al-Shaykh (died 10/12 February 1246): 22 '' Ramaḍān'' 643 AH; : 24 ''Ramaḍān'' 643 (a Monday). was the

vizier A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was a ...

of the

Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni ...

sultan of Egypt Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the Egyptian Sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally i ...

, al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb, from 1240 until his death. Muʿīn al-Dīn belonged to a family known as the Awlād al-Shaykh. His ancestors came from Khorāsān. He was the youngest of four brothers. His elder brothers were Fakhr al-Dīn Yūsuf, ʿImād al-Dīn ʿUmar and Kamāl al-Dīn Aḥmad. Like his brothers, he was a '' ṣūfī'' who taught

Shāfiʿī The Shafii ( ar, شَافِعِي, translit=Shāfiʿī, also spelled Shafei) school, also known as Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī, is one of the four major traditional Fiqh, schools of religious law (madhhab) in the Sunni Islam, Sunnī branch of Islam. I ...

jurisprudence in

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

before entering politics. Muʿīn al-Dīn was appointed "deputy of the vizier" (''nāʾib al-wizāra'') by Sultan

al-Kāmil Al-Kamil ( ar, الكامل) (full name: al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad) (c. 1177 – 6 March 1238) was a Muslim ruler and the fourth Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defea ...

. He was part of the council that, after al-Kāmil's death in 1240, elected al-Jawwād Yūnus as regent in

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

. He was promoted to full vizier by al-Kāmil's successor, al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb, that same year. In 1243, he was part of the attempted rapprochement between the sultan and the Ayyubid emirs in

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

and the alliance with the Khwārazmians that caused its collapse. After the Egyptian–Khwārazmian victory over the

Franks The Franks ( la, Franci or ) were a group of Germanic peoples whose name was first mentioned in 3rd-century Roman sources, and associated with tribes between the Lower Rhine and the Ems River, on the edge of the Roman Empire.H. Schutz: Tools, ...

and Syrians at the battle of La Forbie in 1244, al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb, who had remained in Cairo, put Muʿīn al-Dīn in command of the army and sent it to capture Damascus. For the 1245 campaign, Muʿīn al-Dīn was granted plenary powers, including the rights to use the royal pavilion (''al-dihlīz al-sulṭānī'') and be served by the royal staff. He joined the Khwārazmian army at Gaza and led the combined force to Baysān and thence to Damascus. The siege of Damascus began in May and lasted over four months. Negotiations for a surrender were conducted by Muʿīn al-Dīn and Amīn al-Dawla, vizier of Damascus. It was agreed that al-Ṣāliḥ Ismāʿīl would surrender Damascus but retain Baʿlabakk and his ally, al-Manṣūr Ibrāhīm, would retain Ḥimṣ. Both received a safeconduct and Muʿīn al-Dīn entered Damascus on 2 October. Shortly after, he received a belated order to detain al-Ṣāliḥ Ismāʿīl. After its conquest, Muʿīn al-Dīn governed Damascus as al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb's viceroy (''nāʾib al-salṭana''). He distributed ''

iqṭāʿ An iqta ( ar, اقطاع, iqṭāʿ) and occasionally iqtaʿa ( ar, اقطاعة) was an Islamic practice of tax farming that became common in Muslim Asia during the Buyid dynasty. Iqta has been defined in Nizam-al-Mulk's Siyasatnama. Administrato ...

''s (lands) to the Khwārazmains, but they considered them insufficient. He appointed Shihāb al-Dīn Rashīd al-Kabīr as governor of the citadel (''wālī al-qalʿa'') and Jamāl al-Dīn Hārūn as governor of the holy places (''wālī al-madīna''). He also replaced al-Ṣāliḥ Ismāʿīl's ''

qāḍī A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

'' with one of his own men. Al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb appointed Ḥusām al-Dīn ibn Abī ʿĀlī as governor of Damascus to replace Muʿīn al-Dīn, who died of

typhoid Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...

in February 1246, shortly after Ḥusām al-Dīn's arrival.

References

Bibliography

* * * {{refend 1246 deaths Viziers of the Ayyubid Sultanate