The Chitakhevi church of Saint George ( ka, ჩითახევის წმინდა გიორგის ეკლესია, tr) is a medieval church in Georgia, located in the country's south-central Borjomi valley in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region. It is popularly known as Mtsvane Monastery (მწვანე მონასტერი, ''mts'vane monast'eri''), that is, the Green Monastery. Abandoned for more than two hundred years, the monastery was restored to Christian use in 2003. It is a popular site of tourism and pilgrimage. The monastic church and bell-tower are inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

History

The monastery is located at the village of Chitakhevi, some 12 km southwest of the town of

Borjomi Borjomi ( ka, ბორჯომი) is a resort town in south-central Georgia, 160 km from Tbilisi, with a population of 11,122 (2021). It is one of the municipalities of the Samtskhe–Javakheti region and is situated in the northwestern p ...

, in the

Borjomi Municipality Borjomi ( ka, ბორჯომის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Borjomis munitsip’alit’et’i'') is a municipality in southern Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 24,998 (2021). Its main town ...

, Samtskhe-Javakheti region. It is located in a narrow wooded gorge at the southwest section of the

Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park The Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park (BKNP) ( ka, ბორჯომ-ხარაგაულის ეროვნული პარკი, ''borjom-kharagaulis erovnuli parki'') is a protected area in central Georgia, in Samtskhe-Javakheti sit ...

. The monastery's history is unknown. Locally held belief of its dedication to

Saint George Saint George (Greek: Γεώργιος (Geórgios), Latin: Georgius, Arabic: القديس جرجس; died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was a Christian who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to tradition he was a soldier ...

found a likely epigraphic confirmation in an antefix fragment with the name of

, unearthed in 2012. After the depopulation of the Borjomi valley as a result of incessant warfare and brigandage in the 18th century, the monastery was abandoned and left to decay. The monastery premises, overgrown by wild greenery, were partially reclaimed from nature in 1978, restored in 1988, and repopulated by Georgian monks in 2003. An upsurge in pilgrimage followed, driven by a belief that stones in the nearby stream acquired a reddish hue after a massacre of local monks by the soldiers of the Persian shah

Tahmasp I Tahmasp I ( fa, طهماسب, translit=Ṭahmāsb or ; 22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 to 1576. He was the eldest son of Ismail I and his principal consort, Tajlu Khanum. Ascending the throne after t ...

in the 1550s.

Layout

The Chitakhevi Monastery consists of a three-nave basilica, stylistically dated to the late 9th or 10th century, and a two-storey bell-tower, likewise dated to the 15th or 16th century. There are remnants of old monastic cells and some accessory structures nearby. The church is built of coarsely hewn ashlar and rubble; principal constructional elements such as columns, pilasters, and arched are made in neatly hewn green-tinged ashlar. The building measures 14.5 x 19.2 metres. The central nave is flanked, on the south and west, by a two-sided aisle. It terminates in a semicircular

apse In architecture, an apse (plural apses; from Latin 'arch, vault' from Ancient Greek 'arch'; sometimes written apsis, plural apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome, also known as an ''exedra''. In ...

on the south and

pastophoria Pastophorion ( el, παστοφόριον, translit=pastophorium) is one of two chambers within an early Christian and Eastern Christian church building used as sacristies—the diakonikon and the prothesis. Originally, in the Greek Old Testament ...

on the north. In the north corner of the apse there is a narrow door, internally arched and externally topped by an

architrave In classical architecture, an architrave (; from it, architrave "chief beam", also called an epistyle; from Greek ἐπίστυλον ''epistylon'' "door frame") is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of columns. The term can ...

. The church is poorly lit, mainly through two windows cut in the apse. Both the internal and external walls are plain, devoid of any significant decoration; traces of frescoes, probably executed in the 12th or 13th century, survive in the apse and on the west wall. A bell-tower stands a few metres southeast of the church. It is a two-storey structure. The ground floor houses a small chapel; the upper floor is a belfry with arched, parallel-sided apertures supported on massive columns.

References

{{reflist Georgian Orthodox churches in Samtskhe–Javakheti Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia 9th-century churches in Georgia (country) 10th-century churches in Georgia (country)