''Mshak'' ( hy, Մշակ meaning ''The Toiler'') was an

Armenian language Armenian ( classical: , reformed: , , ) is an Indo-European language and an independent branch of that family of languages. It is the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian Highlands, today Armenian is widely spoken th ...

literary and political

daily newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports ...

( weekly when established) published from 1872–1920 in

Tiflis Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million pe ...

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

(now

Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million p ...

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

). It was founded by

Grigor Artsruni Grigor Artsruni (also spelled as Krikor Ardzruni) ( hy, Գրիգոր Արծրունի; 27 February 1845 – 19 December 1892) was an Armenian journalist, critic, writer and public activist, Doctor of Political Economy and Philosophy (degreed by He ...

. ''Mshak'' was famous particularly for its serialization of notable Armenian literary works, such as '' Jalaleddin''. ''Mshak'' was also known for its publication of liberal ideas, promoting the creation of a united Armenian state inside the

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

. In 1921, after the

Soviet invasion of Georgia The Red Army invasion of Georgia (15 February17 March 1921), also known as the Soviet–Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992). ''Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921'', pp. 182, 361� ...

, ''Mshak'', along with other anti-Bolshevik media, was closed.

Editors

The following is the list of the editors of ''Mshak'':«Մշակ» լրագրի հրապարակախոսությունը 1905-1921 թթ.
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References

{{reflist Newspapers published in the Russian Empire Publications established in 1872 Armenian-language newspapers Mass media in Tbilisi 1872 establishments in the Russian Empire

Editors

See also

References