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This is a list of currently active
separatist Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seekin ...
movements in
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...
. Separatism includes
autonomism Autonomism or ''autonomismo'', also known as autonomist Marxism or autonomous Marxism, is an anti-capitalist social movement and Marxist-based theoretical current that first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist ...
and
secession Secession is the formal withdrawal of a group from a Polity, political entity. The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal i ...
ism.


Criteria

What is and is not considered an
autonomist Autonomism or ''autonomismo'', also known as autonomist Marxism or autonomous Marxism, is an anti-capitalist Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and Political movement, movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose ...
or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: # They are active movements with active members. # They are seeking greater autonomy or
self-determination Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage. Self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international la ...
for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). # They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: * ''De facto'' state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. ( Excluding Uncontacted peoples) * Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state. * Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession. ** De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region. ** Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. ** Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession. ** Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations. ** Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities. **
Ethnic An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, re ...
/ ethno-religious/
racial Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of va ...
/
regional In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...
/
religious Religion is a range of social- cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural ...
group(s).


Argentina

Mendoza * Proposed autonomous area: República de Mendoza ** Advocacy group: Éxito Araucanía * Proposed state or autonomous area:
Wallmapu Wallmapu is the word in the Mapuche language to say "Universe" or "set of surrounding lands", currently used by some historians to describe the historical territory inhabited by the Mapuche people of southern South America. The term was coined i ...
* Advocacy groups:
Consejo de Todas las Tierras The Council of All Lands (In Spanish ) or ''Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam'' (AWNg) is an indigenist separatist organization that defines itself as aimed to create a "Mapuche state" in Chile and Argentina in the territories defined as "Wallmapu" by them. I ...
, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche,
Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco (CAM) is a radical, militant indigenist organization engaged in political violence in pursuit of attaining an autonomous Mapuche state in the territory they describe as " Wallmapu". Founded in 1998 in Tranaquepe, Chile, CAM arose from the re ...
Patagonia Patagonia () is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers ...
* Proposed state or autonomous area:
Patagonia Patagonia () is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers ...
** Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico * Ethnic group:
Tehuelche people The Tehuelche people, also called the Aónikenk, are an Indigenous people from eastern Patagonia in South America. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Tehuelche were influenced by Mapuche people, and many adopted a horseriding lifestyle. Once a ...
and
Mapuche The Mapuche ( , ) also known as Araucanians are a group of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging e ...
** Proposed: autonomy for ** Political Party:
Together We Are Río Negro Together We Are Río Negro (; JSRN) is a provincial political party in the Río Negro Province of Argentina. It was formed in 2015 as an electoral coalition to back the candidacy to the governorship of incumbent Alberto Weretilneck; it was lat ...


Brazil

There are no significant separatist movements in the country. *Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo **Advocacy group: Movimento São Paulo Independente South Region * Proposed: Independence for the South Region ** Advocacy group: The South Is My Country Northeast Region * Proposed: Independence for the Northeast Region ** Advocacy group:
Nordeste Independente Nordeste Independente (NEI) is an organization that seeks the independence of the Northeast Region of Brazil. It is represented by economist and engineer , who has promoted Northeastern separatism since the 1990s. In 2017, the group had around 57 ...
North Region * Proposed state: Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon ** Advocacy group: Movimento Amazônia Independente *Proposed state: Republic of Pernambuco **Advocacy group: Grupo de Estudo e Avaliação de Pernambuco Independente


Bolivia

República de Santa Cruz * Proposed state: República de Santa Cruz ** Advocacy group: Nación Camba
Qullasuyu Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided ...
* Proposed state:  
Qullasuyu Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided ...
** Ethnic group:
Aymara people The Aymara or Aimara (, ) people are an Indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Approximately 2.3 million Aymara live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. The ancestors of the Aymara lived in the reg ...
** Proposed state or autonomous area:
Qullasuyu Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided ...
*** Advocacy groups for increased autonomy:
Ethnocacerism The ethnocacerist movement (, also sometimes referred to as the or "Peruvian Nationalist Movement") is a Peruvian ethnic nationalist movement that espouses an ideology called ethnocacerism (). The movement seeks to establish a dictatorship o ...
, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,
Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor, regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all tim ...
,
Pachakuti Indigenous Movement The Pachakuti Indigenous Movement (Spanish: ''Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti'') was an indigenist political party in Bolivia founded in November 2000. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won 2.2% of the popular vote and 6 out of 13 ...
and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO),
Union for Peru Union for Peru () is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-United Nations, UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 Peruvian general election, 1995 general elections. Originally a ...
,
Go on Country Go, GO, G.O., or Go! may refer to: Arts and entertainment Games and sport * Go (game), a board game for two players * '' Travel Go'' (formerly ''Go – The International Travel Game''), a game based on world travel * Go, the starting position ...
,
Peruvian Nationalist Party Peruvian Nationalist Party (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Partido Nacionalista Peruano;'' PNP) is a Centre-left politics, centre-left to left-wing politics, left-wing political party in Peru. History The Nationalist Party had as its antecedent t ...
, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto


Chile

* Proposed state or autonomous area:
Wallmapu Wallmapu is the word in the Mapuche language to say "Universe" or "set of surrounding lands", currently used by some historians to describe the historical territory inhabited by the Mapuche people of southern South America. The term was coined i ...
** Advocacy groups:
Consejo de Todas las Tierras The Council of All Lands (In Spanish ) or ''Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam'' (AWNg) is an indigenist separatist organization that defines itself as aimed to create a "Mapuche state" in Chile and Argentina in the territories defined as "Wallmapu" by them. I ...
, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche,
Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco (CAM) is a radical, militant indigenist organization engaged in political violence in pursuit of attaining an autonomous Mapuche state in the territory they describe as " Wallmapu". Founded in 1998 in Tranaquepe, Chile, CAM arose from the re ...
Patagonia Patagonia () is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers ...
* Proposed state or autonomous area:
Patagonia Patagonia () is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers ...
** Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico
Chiloé Province Chiloé Province () is one of the four provinces in the southern Chilean region of Los Lagos (X). It consists of all of Chiloé Archipelago (including Chiloé Island) with the exception of the Desertores Islands. The province spans a surface ar ...
* Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé ** Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano
Arica y Parinacota Region The Arica y Parinacota Region ( ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Arica Province, Arica and Parinacota Province, Parinacota. It borders Peru's Department of Tacna to the north, Bolivia's La ...
* Proposed autonomous area:
Arica y Parinacota Region The Arica y Parinacota Region ( ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Arica Province, Arica and Parinacota Province, Parinacota. It borders Peru's Department of Tacna to the north, Bolivia's La ...
** Political party: Arica Estado Independiente


Colombia

Antioquia Department Antioquia () is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the central northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders the Caribbean Sea. Most of its territory is mountainous with some valleys, much of which is part o ...
* Proposed state or autonomous area:
Antioquia Antioquia is the Spanish form of Antioch. Antioquia may also refer to: * Antioquia Department Antioquia () is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the central northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders th ...
** Advocacy group: Por Una Antioquia Libre Y Soberana Choco Department * Proposed state Choco ** Advocacy group: República del Chocó


Ecuador

Guayaquil Canton The Guayaquil Canton, officially the Municipality of Guayaquil, is a canton in the center of the Guayas Province in western Ecuador. The canton was named after its seat, the city of Guayaquil, the most populous city in Ecuador. Political divisio ...
* Proposed state:
Guayaquil Guayaquil (), officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is the largest city in Ecuador and also the nation's economic capital and main port. The city is the capital (political), capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil Canton. The city is ...
** Advocacy group: República de Guayaquil * Proposed: Independence for Galápagos ** People:
Salasaca Salasaca is a community and an indigenous people located in the Tungurahua Province in the center of Ecuador, halfway along the road from Ambato to Baños. The Salasaca speak Spanish and their traditional language of Quichua. Their main eco ...
** Advocavy grouo: Independencia de Galápagos


France

French Guiana French Guiana, or Guyane in French, is an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies. Bordered by Suriname to the west ...
* Proposed state: Republic of Amazonia ** Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement


Guyana

Indigenous peoples in Guyana Indigenous peoples in Guyana, Native Guyanese or Amerindian Guyanese are Guyanese people who are of Indigenous peoples in South America, Indigenous ancestry. They comprise approximately 9.16% of Guyana's population. Amerindians are credited with ...
* Ethnic group:
Indigenous peoples in Guyana Indigenous peoples in Guyana, Native Guyanese or Amerindian Guyanese are Guyanese people who are of Indigenous peoples in South America, Indigenous ancestry. They comprise approximately 9.16% of Guyana's population. Amerindians are credited with ...
** Proposed: autonomy for the
Indigenous peoples in Guyana Indigenous peoples in Guyana, Native Guyanese or Amerindian Guyanese are Guyanese people who are of Indigenous peoples in South America, Indigenous ancestry. They comprise approximately 9.16% of Guyana's population. Amerindians are credited with ...
** Political party: Amerindian People’s Association


Peru

Qullasuyu Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided ...
* Proposed state:  
Qullasuyu Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided ...
** Ethnic group:
Aymara people The Aymara or Aimara (, ) people are an Indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Approximately 2.3 million Aymara live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. The ancestors of the Aymara lived in the reg ...
** Proposed state or autonomous area:
Qullasuyu Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided ...
*** Advocacy groups for increased autonomy:
Ethnocacerism The ethnocacerist movement (, also sometimes referred to as the or "Peruvian Nationalist Movement") is a Peruvian ethnic nationalist movement that espouses an ideology called ethnocacerism (). The movement seeks to establish a dictatorship o ...
, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,
Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor, regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all tim ...
,
Pachakuti Indigenous Movement The Pachakuti Indigenous Movement (Spanish: ''Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti'') was an indigenist political party in Bolivia founded in November 2000. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won 2.2% of the popular vote and 6 out of 13 ...
, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO),
Union for Peru Union for Peru () is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-United Nations, UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 Peruvian general election, 1995 general elections. Originally a ...
,
Go on Country Go, GO, G.O., or Go! may refer to: Arts and entertainment Games and sport * Go (game), a board game for two players * '' Travel Go'' (formerly ''Go – The International Travel Game''), a game based on world travel * Go, the starting position ...
,
Peruvian Nationalist Party Peruvian Nationalist Party (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Partido Nacionalista Peruano;'' PNP) is a Centre-left politics, centre-left to left-wing politics, left-wing political party in Peru. History The Nationalist Party had as its antecedent t ...
, Peruvian 'Great South' South Peru * Proposed state: South Peru ** Advocacy Group: Front for the Defense of the Northern Cone of Arequipa (FREDICON)
Department of Loreto Loreto () is Peru's northernmost department and region. Covering almost one-third of Peru's territory, Loreto is by far the nation's largest department, slightly smaller than Japan; it is also one of the most sparsely populated regions due to ...
* Proposed greater autonomy for:
Department of Loreto Loreto () is Peru's northernmost department and region. Covering almost one-third of Peru's territory, Loreto is by far the nation's largest department, slightly smaller than Japan; it is also one of the most sparsely populated regions due to ...
** Ethnic group: Wampis


Venezuela

Zulia Zulia State (, ; Wayuu: ''Mma’ipakat Suuria'') is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it has a population of 3,704,404, the largest population among Venezuela's states. It is also one of t ...
* Proposed autonomous area:
Zulia Zulia State (, ; Wayuu: ''Mma’ipakat Suuria'') is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it has a population of 3,704,404, the largest population among Venezuela's states. It is also one of t ...
* Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia ''(Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)''Nueva Esparta The Nueva Esparta State (in Spanish: ''Estado Nueva Esparta'', ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, states of Venezuela. It comprises Margarita Island, Coche, Venezuela, Coche, and the lightly inhabited Cubagua. The state is located off the ...
* Advocavy group: Haz que Nueva Esparta sea libre


See also

*
Lists of active separatist movements Below are the articles listing active separatist movements by continent: * List of active separatist movements in Africa *List of active separatist movements in Asia *List of active separatist movements in Europe *List of active separatist mo ...
*
List of historical separatist movements Presented below is a list of the lists of historical separatism, separatist movements by continent: * List of historical separatist movements in Africa * List of historical separatist movements in Asia * List of historical separatist movements ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In South America, List Of Separatist Movements, Active Separatist Movements In South America, Active South America Separatist Movements In South America, Active
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...
*