Movimento de Acção Nacional (National Action Movement or MAN) was a short-lived

nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

organisation in

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

. Formed in 1984, the group originated in the

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

suburb of Amadora and had a largely youthful membership.Andrea Mammone, Emmanuel Godin, Brian Jenkins, ''Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational'', Routledge, 2012, p. 103 Ideologically it rejected

liberal democracy Liberal democracy is the combination of a liberal political ideology that operates under an indirect democratic form of government. It is characterized by elections between multiple distinct political parties, a separation of powers into diff ...

party politics A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...

communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

and

capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for Profit (economics), profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, pric ...

and took an ethnic nationalist view, calling for the defence of the Portuguese "race" against immigration and miscegenation. It produced two main journals, ''Accao'' and ''Ofensiva'', as well as other more sporadic works that were designed to specifically appeal to members of the skinhead movement, which had become an underground fashion in Portugal around 1987. Although it was avowedly a cultural organisation the MAN soon developed close links with the country's white power skinhead movement and became associated with street violence against immigrants. The violence culminated in the

assassination Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have ...

of a

Trotskyite Trotskyism is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Ukrainian-Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky and some other members of the Left Opposition and Fourth International. Trotsky self-identified as an Orthodox Marxism, orthod ...

activist for which a number of members were brought to trial in 1992 (although those sympathetic to the group claimed that the death had been as a result of a fight between Trotskyites and MAN supporters). Whilst this trial was on-going MAN officially disbanded but nonetheless the leaders of the group were brought to trial at the

Portuguese Constitutional Court The Constitutional Court ( pt, Tribunal Constitucional, ) is a special court, defined by the Portuguese Constitution as part of the judicial branch of the Portuguese political organization. Unlike the rest of the country's courts, the Constituti ...

for forming a group that espoused '

Fascist ideology The history of fascist ideology is long and it draws on many sources. Fascists took inspiration from sources as ancient as the Spartans for their focus on racial purity and their emphasis on rule by an elite minority. Fascism has also been conne ...

', which had been banned by the Constitution of Portugal. The trial attracted much mainstream media attention as it was the first case that the Constitutional Court had heard publicly but ultimately it was unable to pass a judgement as the movement had already disbanded. Pedrito Grilo was ultimately jailed for 12 years for the murder, a stabbing of activist José Carvalho in Rua da Palma, although he escaped from prison after serving four months. Although the group had officially ceased to exist, several members went on to join the National Alliance, which was formed in 1995. On its own this group made little impact, although in 1999 it was able to take control of the old Democratic Renovator Party and reconstitute it as the

National Renewal Party Rise Up ( pt, Ergue-te, E), originally the National Renewal Party (, PNR) until July 2020, is a Portuguese far-right nationalist political party. History The PNR was established in February 2000. In July 2020, the party was renamed. Controve ...

'Extrema direita partidária'
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References

External links

MAN manifesto (Portuguese)
1985 establishments in Portugal Euronat members Far-right politics in Europe Far-right politics in Portugal Nationalist organizations Organizations established in 1985 Organizations with year of disestablishment missing Political organisations based in Portugal Portuguese nationalism {{Portugal-poli-stub