HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Admiralty Mountains (alternatively Admiralty Range) is a large group of high mountains and individually named
ranges In the Hebrew Bible and in the Old Testament, the word ranges has two very different meanings. Leviticus In Leviticus 11:35, ranges probably means a cooking furnace for two or more pots, as the Hebrew word here is in the dual number; or perhaps ...
and ridges in northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. This mountain group is bounded by the Ross Sea, the Southern Ocean, and by the
Dennistoun Dennistoun is a mostly residential district in Glasgow, Scotland, located north of the River Clyde and in the city's east end, about east of the city centre. Since 2017 it has formed the core of a Dennistoun ward under Glasgow City Council, h ...
, Ebbe, and
Tucker Tucker may refer to: Places United States * Tucker, Arkansas * Tucker, Georgia * Tucker, Mississippi * Tucker, Missouri * Tucker, Utah, ghost town * Tucker County, West Virginia Outer space * Tucker (crater), a small lunar impact crater in the s ...
glaciers. The mountain range is situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between
Cape Williams Cape Williams () is an ice-covered cape in Antarctica. It is the termination of Buell Peninsula at the east side of the terminus of Lillie Glacier at the lower ends of George Glacier and Zykov Glacier. The peninsula is 15 nautical miles (28 km) ...
and
Cape Adare Cape Adare is a prominent cape of black basalt forming the northern tip of the Adare Peninsula and the north-easternmost extremity of Victoria Land, East Antarctica. Description Marking the north end of Borchgrevink Coast and the west e ...
. It was discovered in January 1841 by Captain James Ross, who named them for the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty under whose orders he served. The Admiralty Mountains are divided into the Dunedin Range, Homerun Range, and
Lyttelton Range The Lyttelton Range () is a narrow northwest-trending mountain range located south of Dunedin Range in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. The range is 26 km (16 mi) long and forms the western wall of the upper part of the Dennistoun G ...
.


Mountains and peaks

This range includes the following mountains and peaks:


Mount Achilles

Mount Achilles is a prominent pyramidal mountain rising from the divide between
Fitch Glacier Fitch Glacier () is a tributary glacier that flows south along the east side of the McGregor Range to enter Man-o-War Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains of northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Surv ...
and Man-o-War Glacier. Named by New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1957–58, after the former New Zealand cruiser .


Mount Adam

Mount Adam is situated WNW of
Mount Minto Mount Minto is a mountain in the Atlin Country of far northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The local Tlingit name is K'iyán. It is located north of the town of Atlin, British Columbia, Atlin. It lies on the western side of the northeast arm o ...
. Discovered in January 1841 by Captain Ross who named this feature for Vice Admiral Sir
Charles Adam Admiral Sir Charles Adam (6 October 1780 – 19 September 1853) was a British naval commander and Lord of the Admiralty who served during the Napoleonic Wars. He later commanded the royal yacht, ''Royal Sovereign'', and was the Member of Parl ...
, a senior naval lord of the Admiralty.


Mount Ajax

Mount Ajax rises 1.5 km (1 mi) WSW of Mount Royalist. Named by the New Zealand GSAE, 1957–58, after ''HMNZS Ajax''. The mountain is one of several in this area named for New Zealand ships.


Mount Bevin

Mount Bevin is a prominent sharply pointed mountain at the western side of the head of Murray Glacier. The mountain stands 2 miles (3.2 km) west-northwest of Mount Sabine. Named by
Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (ACAN or US-ACAN) is an advisory committee of the United States Board on Geographic Names responsible for recommending commemorative names for features in Antarctica. History The committee was established ...
(US-ACAN) (2004) after Anthony (Tony) J. Bevin,
Surveyor-General A surveyor general is an official responsible for government surveying in a specific country or territory. Historically, this would often have been a military appointment, but it is now more likely to be a civilian post. The following surveyor gen ...
of New Zealand, and Chairman of the New Zealand Geographic Board, 1996–2004, with responsibility for New Zealand surveying and place naming in Antarctica.


Mount Black Prince

Mount Black Prince is composed of dark colored rock, which tends to create an imposing appearance. Located west of Mount Ajax. Named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZ GSAE), 1957–58, for its appearance and also for the New Zealand Cruiser ''HMNZS Black Prince''.


Mount Gilruth

Mount Gilruth is a mostly ice-covered mountain (3,160 m) 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) east-northeast of Mount Adam. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by
Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (ACAN or US-ACAN) is an advisory committee of the United States Board on Geographic Names responsible for recommending commemorative names for features in Antarctica. History The committee was established ...
(US-ACAN) for
Robert R. Gilruth Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked ...
of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding th ...
, a visitor at
McMurdo Station McMurdo Station is a United States Antarctic research station on the south tip of Ross Island, which is in the New Zealand-claimed Ross Dependency on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the Unit ...
, 1966-67.


Mount Minto

Mount Minto is a lofty, mostly ice-free mountain located E of Mount Adam in the central portion of the range. Discovered in January 1841 by Captain James Ross, who named it for the Earl of Minto, then First Lord of the Admiralty. The first ascent was made in 1988 by the Australian Bicentennial Antarctic Expedition led by Greg Mortimer and included Lincoln Hall.


Mount Parker

Mount Parker is a bluff-type mountain along the western side of Nash Glacier. The area was mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960-63. The name Mount Parker was given to a mountain in this general vicinity by Captain James Ross, in 1840, honoring Vice Admiral
Sir William Parker Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, GCB (1 December 1781 – 13 November 1866), was a Royal Navy officer. As a captain's servant he took part in the Battle of The Glorious First of June in June 1794 during the French Revoluti ...
, a senior naval lord of the Admiralty, 1834-41. For the sake of historical continuity US-ACAN has retained the name for this mountain.


Mount Peacock

Mount Peacock is a high peak standing directly at the head of Kelly Glacier, southwest of Mount Herschel. It was discovered in January 1841 by Captain Ross who named it for the Very Reverend Dr.
George Peacock George Peacock FRS (9 April 1791 – 8 November 1858) was an English mathematician and Anglican cleric. He founded what has been called the British algebra of logic. Early life Peacock was born on 9 April 1791 at Thornton Hall, Denton, nea ...
, Dean of Ely.


Mount Royalist

Mount Royalist is a prominent mountain standing west of Mount Adam. Named by the New Zealand GSAE, 1957–58, for its impressive appearance and also for the New Zealand cruiser ''HMNZS Royalist''. Several adjacent peaks are named for New Zealand ships including Mount Ajax and Mount Black Prince.


Mount Sabine

Mount Sabine ( ) is a prominent, relatively snow-free mountain rising between the heads of Murray Glacier and
Burnette Glacier Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for George H. Moubray George may refer to: ...
. Discovered on January 11, 1841, by Captain James Ross, Royal Navy, who named this feature for Lieutenant Colonel Edward Sabine of the Royal Artillery, Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society, one of the most active supporters of the expedition.


Features

* Atkinson Glacier *
Baldwin Bluff Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for George H. Moubray, clerk in charge of the ...
* Brewer Peak *
Burnette Glacier Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for George H. Moubray George may refer to: ...
*
Church Glacier Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
*
Church Ridge Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
*
Cracktrack Glacier Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
*
Crandall Peak Crandall Peak () is a mostly snow-covered peak, high, located mid-way along the west wall of Pitkevitch Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains, a major mountain range lying in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The topographical feature was first mapped by ...
*
DeAngelo Glacier DeAngelo Glacier is a tributary glacier which drains the slopes of Mount Robinson in the Admiralty Mountains. It flows southeast to enter Moubray Glacier southward of Mount Ruegg. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys ...
*
Deming Glacier Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
* Dennistoun Glacier * DuBridge Range *
Dugdale Glacier Dugdale Glacier () is a glacier about long, draining northeast from the Admiralty Mountains into Robertson Bay on the north coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The geographical feature flows along the west side of Geikie Ridge before coalescin ...
* Dunedin Range *
Elsner Ridge The Homerun Range () is a northwest-trending mountain range, 45 km (28 mi) long and 3 to 11 km (2 to 7 mi) wide, east of Everett Range at the heads of the Ebbe and Tucker glaciers in Victoria Land, Antarctica. Its name derives ...
* Fendley Glacier *
Field Névé Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
* Findlay Range * Fischer Ridge *
Fitch Glacier Fitch Glacier () is a tributary glacier that flows south along the east side of the McGregor Range to enter Man-o-War Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains of northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Surv ...
*
Fowlie Glacier The Dennistoun Glacier is a glacier, long, draining the northern slopes of Mounts Black Prince, Royalist and Adam in the Admiralty Mountains of Victoria Land in Antarctica. It flows northwest between the Lyttelton Range and Dunedin Range, turnin ...
* Freimanis Glacier *
Gadsden Peaks Robinson Heights in Antarctica () is the mainly ice-covered heights (2,170 m), elliptical in plan and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, which rise south of Anare Pass and form the northwest end of the Admiralty Mountains. It was mapped ...
*
Geikie Ridge Robertson Bay is a large, roughly triangular bay that indents the north coast of Victoria Land between Cape Barrow (Antarctica), Cape Barrow and Cape Adare. Discovered in 1841 by Captain James Clark Ross, Royal Navy, who named it for Dr. John Robe ...
*
Grigg Peak Robinson Heights in Antarctica () is the mainly ice-covered heights (2,170 m), elliptical in plan and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, which rise south of Anare Pass and form the northwest end of the Admiralty Mountains. It was mapped ...
*
Helman Glacier Helman Glacier () is a small tributary glacier in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica, flowing southward between Mount Gleaton and Taylor Peak into Tucker Glacier. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy ...
* Ironside Glacier *
Jennings Peak The Dunedin Range () is a northwest-trending mountain range, 37 km (23 mi) long and 3 to 6 km (2 to 4 mi) wide, located 8 km east of Lyttelton Range in the Admiralty Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. Mapped by USGS fr ...
* Kelly Glacier * Kirk Glacier *
Lange Peak Lange Peak () is a peak, high, in the west-central part of the Lyttelton Range in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–63, and was named by th ...
* Lann Glacier * Leander Glacier *
Luther Peak Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for George H. Moubray, clerk in charge of the ...
*
Lyttelton Range The Lyttelton Range () is a narrow northwest-trending mountain range located south of Dunedin Range in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. The range is 26 km (16 mi) long and forms the western wall of the upper part of the Dennistoun G ...
* Man-o-War Glacier *
Massey Glacier Massey Glacier () is a tributary glacier, long, draining the west slopes of Meier Peak in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. It flows west along the south side of Wylie Ridge to join Man-o-War Glacier. Massey Glacier was mapped by the United ...
*
Meier Peak Meier Peak () is a summit (topography), peak rising to at the south side of the head of Ironside Glacier, south-southwest of Mount Minto (Antarctica), Mount Minto, in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geolog ...
* Mount Achilles *
Mount Bierle The Findlay Range () is a mountain range lying parallel to and west of the Lyttelton Range, extending between Grigg Peak and Sorensen Peak in the Admiralty Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. This topographical feature was so named by the New ...
*
Mount Brazil Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, Co ...
*
Mount Chider Mount Chider () is a notable mountain, high, standing southeast of Mount Hart in the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Exploration and name Mount Chider was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and ...
* Mount Emerson *
Mount Eos The Admiralty Mountains (alternatively Admiralty Range) is a large group of high mountains and individually named ranges and ridges in northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. This mountain group is bounded by the Ross Sea, the Southern Ocean, and ...
*
Mount Faget The Admiralty Mountains (alternatively Admiralty Range) is a large group of high mountains and individually named mountain range, ranges and ridges in northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. This mountain group is bounded by the Ross Sea, the Sou ...
*
Mount Francis Mount Francis () is a massive, ridgelike mountain, high, that overlooks Tucker Glacier from the north, standing between Tyler Glacier and Staircase Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. Exploration and name Mount Francis was mapped ...
* Mount Frishman *
Mount Gleaton Mount Gleaton is a mountain, high, that overlooks Tucker Glacier from the north, standing near the end of the ridge just north of Helman Glacier, in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (U ...
* Mount Granholm *
Mount Greene Mount Greene is a mountain, high, at the south side of the mouth of Freimanis Glacier at the point the latter joins Tucker Glacier, in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surve ...
*
Mount Hart Mount Chider () is a notable mountain, high, standing southeast of Mount Hart in the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Exploration and name Mount Chider was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and ...
* Mount Herschel * Mount Humphrey Lloyd *
Mount Kyle Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
*
Mount LeResche The Homerun Range () is a northwest-trending mountain range, 45 km (28 mi) long and 3 to 11 km (2 to 7 mi) wide, east of Everett Range at the heads of the Ebbe and Tucker glaciers in Victoria Land, Antarctica. Its name derives ...
*
Mount Lozen Mount Francis () is a massive, ridgelike mountain, high, that overlooks Tucker Glacier from the north, standing between Tyler Glacier and Staircase Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. Exploration and name Mount Francis was mapped ...
*
Mount Midnight Mount Midnight is a peak nearly high, standing on the north side of Tucker Glacier, west of Shadow Bluff, in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. It was climbed by a geological team of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition ...
* Mount Parker *
Mount Pearigen Mount Pearigen () is a prominent mountain (3,020 m) standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) northwest of Mount Hart in the Admiralty Mountains. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960 ...
*
Mount Pew Mount Pew () is a mountain (2,950 m) that surmounts the central part of the ridge separating Kelly and Towles Glaciers, in the Admiralty Mountains in Antarctica. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air ...
* Mount Pittard *
Mount Ruegg Slagle Ridge () is a high and massive snow-covered ridge between Slone Glacier and Burnette Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Exploration and name Slagle Ridge was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) ...
*
Mount Schaefer Robinson Heights in Antarctica () is the mainly ice-covered heights (2,170 m), elliptical in plan and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, which rise south of Anare Pass and form the northwest end of the Admiralty Mountains. It was mapped ...
*
Mount Shadow Mount Shadow () is a small Summit (topography), peak in the Admiralty Mountains that rises above and close west of Shadow Bluff at the junction of the Tucker and Leander Glaciers. Climbed by the geological team of the New Zealand Geological Surve ...
*
Mount Shelton The Homerun Range () is a northwest-trending mountain range, 45 km (28 mi) long and 3 to 11 km (2 to 7 mi) wide, east of Everett Range at the heads of the Ebbe Glacier, Ebbe and Tucker Glacier, Tucker glaciers in Victoria Land, ...
*
Mount Titus Mount Titus () is a mountain, 2,840 m, surmounting the heights between the Staircase and Kelly Glaciers in the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, in eastern Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U ...
* Mount Von Braun * Mount Whewell *
Mount Wright Mount Wright () is a Summit (topography), peak over 1,800 m in the north part of the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It rises between Shipley Glacier and Crume Glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km) southwest of Birthday ...
* Murray Glacier * Nash Glacier *
Novasio Ridge Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
*
Ommanney Glacier Robertson Bay is a large, roughly triangular bay that indents the north coast of Victoria Land between Cape Barrow and Cape Adare. Discovered in 1841 by Captain James Clark Ross, Royal Navy, who named it for Dr. John Robertson John, Jon, or Jonath ...
*
Pitkevitch Glacier Pitkevitch Glacier () is a glacier, 20 nautical miles (37 km) long, flowing north from the Admiralty Mountains along the west side of DuBridge Range. The glacier reaches the sea just east of Atkinson Cliffs, where it forms Anderson Icefalls. ...
*
Rastorfer Glacier Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
* Robinson Heights * Rowles Glacier *
Saxby Pass The Lyttelton Range () is a narrow northwest-trending mountain range located south of Dunedin Range in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. The range is 26 km (16 mi) long and forms the western wall of the upper part of the Dennistoun G ...
*
Shipley Glacier Shipley Glacier () is a glacier, 25 miles (40 km) long, in the north-central Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. The glacier drains the northern slopes of Mount Adam and flows along the east wall of DuBridge Range to Pressure Bay on the north ...
* Simpson Glacier *
Slagle Ridge Slagle Ridge () is a high and massive snow-covered ridge between Slone Glacier and Burnette Glacier in the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Exploration and name Slagle Ridge was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) ...
*
Slone Glacier Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross Sir James Clark Ross (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862 ...
*
Sorensen Peak Robinson Heights in Antarctica () is the mainly ice-covered heights (2,170 m), elliptical in plan and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, which rise south of Anare Pass and form the northwest end of the Admiralty Mountains. It was mapped ...
*
Splettstoesser Pass Robinson Heights in Antarctica () is the mainly ice-covered heights (2,170 m), elliptical in plan and 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, which rise south of Anare Pass and form the northwest end of the Admiralty Mountains. It was mapped ...
* Staircase Glacier *
Stamper Peak The Admiralty Mountains (alternatively Admiralty Range) is a large group of high mountains and individually named ranges and ridges in northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. This mountain group is bounded by the Ross Sea, the Southern Ocean, and ...
*
Tocci Glacier Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
*
Tombstone Hill Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for George H. Moubray George may refer to: ...
*
Tucker Glacier Tucker Glacier is a major valley glacier of Victoria Land, about 144 km (90 mi) long, flowing southeast between Admiralty Mountains and Victory Mountains to the Ross Sea. There is a snow saddle at the glacier's head, just west of Homerun ...
* Wallis Glacier *
Wetmore Peak The Lyttelton Range () is a narrow northwest-trending mountain range located south of Dunedin Range in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica. The range is 26 km (16 mi) long and forms the western wall of the upper part of the Dennistoun G ...
*
Whewell Glacier Moubray Bay () is a bay in the western Ross Sea, indenting the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Cape Roget and Cape Hallett. It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for George H. Moubray George may refer to: ...
*
Whitehall Glacier Whitehall Glacier () is a large glacier flowing north into Tucker Inlet between Daniell Peninsula and the southeast part of the Victory Mountains, in Victoria Land. Named by New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1957–58, ...
* Wylie Ridge


References

{{reflist Mountain ranges of Victoria Land Pennell Coast Four-thousanders of Antarctica