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Mostyska ( uk, Мости́ська, pl, Mościska, both in the ''plural''), is a small city in
Yavoriv Raion Yavoriv Raion ( uk, Яворівський район) is a raion in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Yavoriv. It was established in 1939. Its estimated population is . On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative ...
,
Lviv Oblast Lviv Oblast ( uk, Льві́вська о́бласть, translit=Lvivska oblast, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna ( uk, Льві́вщина, ), ). The name of each oblast is a wikt:Appendix:Glossary#relational, relational adjective—in Englis ...
(
region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...
) of
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. It hosts the administration of
Mostyska urban hromada Mostyska ( uk, Мости́ська, pl, Mościska, both in the ''plural''), is a small city in Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast (oblast, region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Mostyska urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Popula ...
, one of the
hromada A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...
s of Ukraine. Population: . The city is located in western portion of
Sian Lowland Sian Lowland or Oversian basin ( uk, Надсіанська котловина) is a lowland located at the border between Poland and Ukraine along the San River. Most of the region is located in Poland except for a small portion in southeastern end ...
near the border with Poland ().


History

The names ''Mościska'' and ''Mostyska'' share a common etymological Slav root "most", which means "bridge", or the place associated with "river crossings". In 1340, Mostyska, together with the territory of
Red Ruthenia Red Ruthenia or Red Rus' ( la, Ruthenia Rubra; '; uk, Червона Русь, Chervona Rus'; pl, Ruś Czerwona, Ruś Halicka; russian: Червонная Русь, Chervonnaya Rus'; ro, Rutenia Roșie), is a term used since the Middle Ages fo ...
, was annexed by Polish King
Kazimierz Wielki Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He ...
, and the town remained in Poland for over 400 years, until 1772 (see
Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...
). Mościska, as it was called, was in the
Przemyśl Przemyśl (; yi, פשעמישל, Pshemishl; uk, Перемишль, Peremyshl; german: Premissel) is a city in southeastern Poland with 58,721 inhabitants, as of December 2021. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship; it was pr ...
region, and the
Ruthenian Voivodeship The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: ''Palatinatus russiae'', Polish: ''Województwo ruskie'', Ukrainian: ''Руське воєводство'', romanized: ''Ruske voievodstvo''), also called Rus’ voivodeship, was a voivodeship of the Crown of ...
. In 1404, King Wladyslaw Jagiello granted it a
Magdeburg Magdeburg (; nds, label=Low Saxon, Meideborg ) is the capital and second-largest city of the German state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is situated at the Elbe river. Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdebur ...
town charter. Mościska was the seat of a
starosta The starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', german: link=no, Starost, Hauptmann) is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates. Th ...
, and the town was severely damaged several times destroyed during
Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary
is an umbrella term for different
,
Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...
and
Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and so ...
n raids. In the late 18th century, when it was part of Austrian Galicia, the population of Mościska was 2,200, with a large
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
minority. During the
Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...
, Mościska was a county seat in
Lwow Voivodeship Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
, with its population reaching 5,000. During the
Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
in late September 1939, Mościska was seized by the
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
. Thousands of its ethnic Polish population were sent to
Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
. In June 1941, the town was captured by the
Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previous ...
, and the city remained under German control until July 1944. In the autumn of 1945, the deportation, or so-called "repatriation", of Poles began (see
Polish population transfers (1944–46) Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
), which lasted until 1948. As a result, most ethnic Poles were forced out of the town, together with monks from the foundation monastery of the
Redemptorist The Redemptorists officially named the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer ( la, links=no, Congregatio Sanctissimi Redemptoris), abbreviated CSsR,is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men (priests and brother ...
fathers. This was the redemptorists' "Mother house", which had been re-established in Poland for a third time in 1883 following the order's expulsion by
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
in 1809. Most of the priests left in the summer 1946, taking with them the holy icon and everything they were allowed to carry with them, including sculptures and clothes. Those who remained were arrested in May 1948 by the
NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ...
, and two of the priests sent to Siberia. Afterwards, the complex of the monastery was turned into a warehouse. Currently, it serves as a hospital. Today, Mostyska is one of main centres of the
Polish minority in Ukraine The Polish minority in Ukraine officially numbers about 144,130 (according to the 2001 census),
. In 1989, a regional office of the
Association of Polish Culture of the Lviv Land Association of the Polish Culture of the Lviv Land ( pl, Towarzystwo Kultury Polskiej Ziemi Lwowskiej, uk, Товариство польської культури Львівщини) is a Polish minority association, active in Lviv Oblast (provinc ...
was opened. At present Poles make up 36% of population. In 2002, a Polish-language middle school was opened with 250 students. Until 18 July 2020, Mostyska was the administrative center of
Mostyska Raion Mostyska Raion ( uk, Мостиський район) was a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Mostyska. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which ...
. As part of the administrative reforms of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, this raion was abolished in July 2020 and its area was merged with
Yavoriv Raion Yavoriv Raion ( uk, Яворівський район) is a raion in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Yavoriv. It was established in 1939. Its estimated population is . On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative ...
.


In popular culture

Mostyska is mentioned regularly in repertoire of Ukrainian music band "Kurwa Matj".


Notable people associated with Mostyska

* :pl:Jan Legowicz, philosopher * :pl:Mikołaj z Mościsk (Nicolaus Moscicensis), mystic *
Bernard Łubieński Bernard Alojzy Łubieński, ( translit. Bernard Aloysius Lubienski) CSsR, (9 December 1846 – 10 September 1933) was a Polish Redemptorist priest, missionary and writer, closely associated with Bishop Robert Coffin and with the Roman C ...
, Redemptorist priest and preacher * Heinrich Alfred Barb, director of the
Vienna Academy The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (german: link=no, Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien) is a public art school in Vienna, Austria. History The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna was founded in 1692 as a private academy modelled on the Accademia di Sa ...
and
Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
scholar * Jozef Kisielewski, writer


See also

*
Mostyska II Mostyska II ( uk, Мостиська ІІ) is a railway station in the village Mostyska Druhi, Yavoriv Raion in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. It is part of the Lviv administration (Lviv Railways). The station is located on the historical Galician Railw ...


References

{{Authority control Cities in Lviv Oblast Lwów Voivodeship Cities of district significance in Ukraine