The Most Basin (also known as North Bohemian Basin; cs, Mostecká pánev, german: Nordböhmisches Becken) is a tectonic
depression and
geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is named after the city of
Most
Most or Möst or ''variation'', may refer to:
Places
* Most, Kardzhali Province, a village in Bulgaria
* Most (city), a city in the Czech Republic
** Most District, a district surrounding the city
** Most Basin, a lowland named after the city
** A ...
. It forms the southwestern and central parts of the
Ústí nad Labem Region
Ústí nad Labem Region or Ústecký Region ( cs, Ústecký kraj, , ), is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western part of the historical land of Bohemia, and named after the capital, Ústí nad Labem ...
. It is among the richest European deposits of
lignite
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35%, and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat ...
, which has been extracted here since the second half of 19th century, mostly by extensive
surface mining
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which ...
.
Geomorphology
The Most Basin is a
mesoregion of the
Podkrušnohorská Macroregion within the
Bohemian Massif
The Bohemian Massif ( cs, Česká vysočina or ''Český masiv'', german: Böhmische Masse or ''Böhmisches Massiv'') is a geomorphological province in Central Europe. It is a large massif stretching over most of the Czech Republic, eastern Germ ...
. It is further subdivided into the microregions of Žatec Basin and Chomutov-Teplice Basin.
A flat landscape without peaks is typical for the Most Basin. The highest point of the territory is a
contour line
A contour line (also isoline, isopleth, or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value. It is a plane section of the three-dimensional grap ...
near
Libouchec
Libouchec (german: Königswald) is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Čermná, Knínice, and Žďárek ar ...
, at above sea level.
There are several low hills with an elevation of 350–380 in the southwestern part of the basin.
Adjacent landscapes
The basin lies between the Central and Eastern
Ore Mountains to the north and the Rakovník Uplands to the south. To the east the basin borders on the
Central Bohemian Uplands
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
and the foothills of
Elbe Sandstone Mountains
The Elbe Sandstone Mountains, also called the Elbe Sandstone Highlands (german: Elbsandsteingebirge; cs, Děčinská vrchovina), are a mountain range straddling the border between the state of Saxony in southeastern Germany and the North Bohemian ...
as well as in the southeast on the geomorphological region of the
Lower Eger Table
Lower may refer to:
*Lower (surname)
*Lower Township, New Jersey
*Lower Receiver (firearms)
*Lower Wick
Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated about five miles south west of Dursley, eig ...
. In the west it reaches the
Doupov Mountains
Doupov Mountains ( cs, Doupovské hory, german: Duppauer Gebirge) is a cenozoic volcanic mountain range with the typical structure of stratovolcano. The centre of the stratovolcano was in the place of a former town of Doupov.
The highest mounta ...
.
Geology
The Most Basin is a depression filled with
Tertiary
Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago.
The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...
sediments. Its main filling is of
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
age and they are mainly
volcanic rock
Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from lava erupted from a volcano. In other words, it differs from other igneous rock by being of volcanic origin. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic r ...
s, pyroclastic sediments,
clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4).
Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay par ...
s and
sand
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of s ...
s together with important deposits of lignite and ceramic clays.
Geography
The Most Basin has an area of and an average elevation of .
[ The territory has an elongated shape from the southwest to the northeast.
There are several significant watercourses in the area. The largest rivers are ]Ohře
The Ohře () or, slightly less commonly in English sources, the Eger (, Czech also: ''Oharka'' or ''Ohara'', Celtic: ''Agara'', pl, Ohrza), is a 316 km river in Germany (50 km) and the Czech Republic (266 km), left tributary of t ...
and Bílina
Bílina (; german: Bilin) is a town in Teplice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. It is known for its spas and as a source of the strongly mineralized water, Bílinská kyselka. The to ...
. The are is rich on reservoirs and artificial lakes as a consequence of land reclamation
Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamati ...
after coal mining. The largest bodies of water are lakes Milada, Most and Matylda, and the Nechranice Reservoir.
Natural conditions have given rise to larger settlements in the area. The largest cities and towns in the Most Basin are Chomutov
Chomutov (; german: Komotau) is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. There are almost 80,000 inhabitants in the city's wider metropolitan area. The city centre is well preserved and is protec ...
, Litvínov
Litvínov (; german: Leutensdorf) is a town in Most District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 22,000 inhabitants. It is known as an industrial centre.
Administrative parts
Litvínov is made up of 12 town parts an ...
, Jirkov
Jirkov (; german: Görkau) is a town in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 19,000 inhabitants. Jirkov creates a conurbation with Chomutov.
Administrative parts
Town parts and villages of Březenec ...
, Žatec
Žatec (; german: Saaz) is a town in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 19,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Ohře river. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument ...
and Krupka
Krupka (; german: Graupen) is a town in Teplice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. The town is located in the Ore Mountain Mining Region, an UNESCO World Heritage Site, and during the ...
. Partly located in the territory are Ústí nad Labem
Ústí nad Labem (, , ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of its eponymous region and district. It is a major industrial centre and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway ju ...
, Most
Most or Möst or ''variation'', may refer to:
Places
* Most, Kardzhali Province, a village in Bulgaria
* Most (city), a city in the Czech Republic
** Most District, a district surrounding the city
** Most Basin, a lowland named after the city
** A ...
, Teplice
Teplice () (until 1948 Teplice-Šanov; german: Teplitz-Schönau or ''Teplitz'') is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 49,000 inhabitants. It is the second largest Czech spa town, after Karlovy Vary. The his ...
, Kadaň
Kadaň (; german: Kaaden) is a town in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 18,000 inhabitants. It lies on the banks of the river Ohře. Kadaň is a tourist centre with highlights being the Francisca ...
and Bílina
Bílina (; german: Bilin) is a town in Teplice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. It is known for its spas and as a source of the strongly mineralized water, Bílinská kyselka. The to ...
.
Economy
The basin is known for lignite mining. 30–40 thousand tonnes of coal are mined here every year.
The region is largely agricultural. The area around Žatec is well known for hops
Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant ''Humulus lupulus'', a member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants. They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring, and stability agent in beer, to whi ...
cultivation. Saaz hops
Saaz is a "noble" variety of hops.
It was named after the Czech city of Žatec (german: Saaz). This hop is used extensively in Bohemia to flavor beer as the Czech pilsener.
Saaz hops accounted for more than of total 2009 hop production in the Cze ...
or Žatec hops is a protected designation of origin
The protected designation of origin (PDO) is a type of geographical indication of the European Union and the United Kingdom aimed at preserving the designations of origin of food-related products. The designation was created in 1992 and its main ...
.
Gallery
Nordböhmisches becken near Most.jpg, Infilling a mine near Most. In the foreground: the site of the old town
North bohemian basin2 - cz..jpg, The Most Basin between Ústí nad Labem (right) with view of the escarpment of the Ore Mountain fault-block
See also
*Energy in the Czech Republic
Energy in the Czech Republic describes World energy resources and consumption, energy and Electricity generation, electricity production, consumption and import in the Czech Republic.
Overview
Primary energy consumption per million people in 2 ...
References
Further reading
*
*
External links
Information about the North Bohemian lignite field
{{authority control
Ústí nad Labem Region
Coal mining regions in the Czech Republic
Drainage basins of the Czech Republic