Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner ( Mongolian: , ''Morin Dabaɣ-a Daɣur öbertegen jasaqu qosiɣu'', Mongolian Cyrillic: Мориндаваа Дагуур өөртөө засах хошуу; Dagur: Morin Dawaa Daor weerie ixkiewu guasei; ), often abbreviated in official documents as Mo Banner (), is one of three autonomous banners in

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...

, China, created for the Daur people. It lies on the

Nen River The Nen River or Nenjiang (), or Nonni () is a river in Northeast China. The Nen River flows through the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern section of Inner Mongolia, some parts of the river forming the border between the ...

, borders

Heilongjiang Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost province ...

province to the east, south and southwest and is under the administration of

Hulunbuir Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir ( mn, , ''Kölün buyir'', Mongolian Cyrillic: Хөлөнбуйр, ''Khölönbuir''; zh, s=呼伦贝尔, ''Hūlúnbèi'ěr'') is a region that is governed as a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. ...

City. The autonomous banner spans an area of approximately , and has a total population of 316,398 as of 2019.

History

During the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

, a yamen was organized in the area, which was organized as (). In 1946, the region was organized Buxi Banner (). Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner was created on August 15, 1958. On April 1, 1969, the autonomous banner was placed under the jurisdiction of Daxing'anling Prefecture, before being moved back to Inner Mongolia's jurisdiction on July 1, 1979.

Geography

The autonomous banner is located in the northeast of

, along the west banks of the

, at the confluence of the

Greater Khingan Mountains The Greater Khingan Range or Da Hinggan Range (; IPA: ), is a -long volcanic mountain range in the Inner Mongolia region of Northeast China. It was originally called the Xianbei Mountains, which later became the name of the northern branch of th ...

and the Songnen Plains. The autonomous banner has an average elevation of approximately above sea level, with the autonomous banner's highest point of Waxigeqi Mountain (), in , reaching above sea level. 56 different rives flow through Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner. Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is bordered by

Nehe Nehe () is a county-level city of western Heilongjiang in Northeast China, It is located near the border with Inner Mongolia to the west and is under the administration of Qiqihar City, to the north-northeast. Administrative divisions Nehe C ...

and Nenjiang in

province to the east, borders

Gannan County Gannan () is a county in Qiqihar, in the west of Heilongjiang province, China, about northwest of the city seat of Qiqihar and bordering Inner Mongolia to the west. Administrative divisions Gannan County is divided into 5 towns and 5 township ...

in Heilongjiang province to the southwest, and borders Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Arun Banner to the north and northwest.

Fauna

A number of nationally protected species are found in the banner, including the

Asian black bear The Asian black bear (''Ursus thibetanus''), also known as the Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. It lives in the Himalayas, sout ...

, the

sable The sable (''Martes zibellina'') is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kaza ...

, and

reindeer Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...

Climate

The autonomous banner experiences an average annual temperature of , annual precipitation typically ranging between and , and an average of 115 frost-free days annually.

Administrative divisions

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner administers 11

towns A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...

, 2 townships, and 2

ethnic townships An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

Towns

The autonomous banner includes the towns of , , , , , , , , , , and .

Townships

The autonomous banner's two townships are and .

Ethnic townships

The autonomous banner's two ethnic townships are and .

Demographics

As of 2019, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has a population of 316,398, a 1.0% decrease from 2018, the 32nd most populous of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions. This is a slight increase from 2004, when the autonomous banner had a population of 314,584.

Vital statistics

As of 2018, the autonomous banner had a crude birth rate of 8.0 per thousand, and a

crude death rate Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of de ...

of 4.9 per thousand, giving the autonomous banner a rate of natural increase of 3.1 per thousand.

Urbanization

As of 2018, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has 86,905 residents living in urban areas, giving the autonomous banner an urbanization rate of 27.19%.

Ethnicity

According to 2018 statistics compiled by the autonomous banner's government, there are 33,395 ethnic

Daurs The Daur people (Khalkha Mongolian: Дагуур, ''Daguur''; ) are a Mongolic people in Northeast China. The Daur form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised in the People's Republic of China. They numbered 131,992 according to the la ...

in the autonomous banner (10.45% of the autonomous banner's population), 6,851 ethnic Evenks (2.14% of the total population), and 337 ethnic Oroqen (0.11% of the total population). According to a 2004 publication by the

National Ethnic Affairs Commission The National Ethnic Affairs Commission is a cabinet-level executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China under the formal leadership of the United Front Work Department that is responsible for relations between t ...

, 80.3% of the autonomous banner's population is ethnically

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...

, 9.5% are ethnically Daur, and the remaining 10.2% belong to other ethnic minorities.

Economy

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has a gross domestic product of approximately 8,529,380,000 RMB as of 2019. Of this, 61.20% comes from the autonomous banner's

primary sector The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in de ...

, 5.90% comes from the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. ...

, and 32.91% comes from the tertiary sector. As of 2019, the average annual disposable income for households in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner totals 15,825 RMB, a 7.9% increase from 2018. Average annual disposable income for urban households in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner totals 25,014 RMB, ranking last of all 101 county-level divisions in

surveyed; the average annual disposable income for rural households totals 11,445 RMB, ranking 78th of the 90 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia surveyed. In 2018, consumer retail sales in the autonomous banner totaled 3,948,610,000 RMB, a 6.3% increase from 2017. In 2019, the autonomous banner generated approximately 309.35 million RMB in public budget revenue, ranking 73rd out of the 103 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia. There are approximately 263,000 mobile phone subscriptions in the autonomous banner, reflecting approximately 83.12% of the autonomous banner's total population. There are approximately 49,000 internet subscriptions in the autonomous banner, reflecting approximately 15.49% of the total population. As of 2018, 99% of the population has television access, and 98% of the population has radio access.

Agriculture

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous banner is the third biggest grain producing county-level division of Inner Mongolia, producing 1,737,448 tons of grain in 2019. The autonomous banner ranks 40th of 103 county-level divisions in meat output, producing 24,801 tons in 2019.

Education

There are 26

primary schools A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ed ...

and 9

secondary schools A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...

in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner.

Culture

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has been recognized by the

as a center for hockey in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, and teams fielded from the autonomous banner have gone on to compete at the top level in China.In a 2018

field hockey Field hockey is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with ten outfield players and a goalkeeper. Teams must drive a round hockey ball by hitting it with a hockey stick towards the rival team's shooting ci ...

tournament for

secondary school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...

teams, teams from Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner won a number of different formats, including fielding teams which won first and second place in the men's secondary school format, and a team which won third place in the men's under-15 format.

Healthcare

The autonomous banner's medical institutions have 1,020 beds, and are staffed by 1,334 personnel.

Transportation

of highways pass through the autonomous banner as of 2019.

Tourism

In 2018, 975,000 tourists visited the autonomous banner, generating 910 million RMB in tourism revenue. Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is home to tourist attractions of various types, including sites regarding the local Daur culture and the region's history, as well as natural landmarks. The Chinese Daur Ethnic Park () and the Daur Ethnic Museum () are both located within the autonomous banner. Portions of the run through the autonomous banner.

References

{{authority control County-level divisions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China Hulunbuir