''Monochamus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

longhorn beetles The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than ...

found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e bore into dead or dying trees, especially

conifer Conifers are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single ...

s The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)
Genus Monochamus
Retrieved 23 March 2009. such as

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accep ...

s. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

in the huge long-horned beetle

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Lamiinae Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae Cerambycinae is a s ...

, but typically included in the

Lamiini Lamiini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.Biolib.cz - Tribus Lamiini
Retrieved on 8 Sep ...

today. If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage. Some species are known to transport

phoretic Phoresis or phoresy is a non-permanent, commensalistic interaction in which one organism (a phoront or phoretic) attaches itself to another (the host) solely for the purpose of travel. Phoresis has been observed directly in ticks and mites s ...

Bursaphelenchus __NOTOC__ ''Bursaphelenchus'' is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the order Aphelenchida. Most are obligate mycophages, but some feed on wood, with two species, the red ring nematode (''B. cocophilus'') and the pine wood nematode (''B. xylop ...

nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

s, including '' B. xylophilus'' which causes pine wilt disease.

Kansas State University Kansas State University (KSU, Kansas State, or K-State) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Manhattan, Kansas, United States. It was opened as the state's land-grant college in 1863 and was the first public instit ...

Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005)
Pine Wilt
. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

Taxonomy

The genus is very large, and its boundaries have varied considerably over time, with many species placed in this genus that have long since been removed, and species placed in other genera that have been added, and there are at least 20 subgenera presently recognized by most authorities.

Species

* ''

Monochamus abruptus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Holzschuh, 2015 * '' Monochamus accri'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus adamitus'' Thomson, 1857 * ''

Monochamus affinis ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus alboapicalis'' (Pic, 1934) * '' Monochamus alboscutellaris'' Breuning, 1977 * ''

Monochamus alternatus ''Monochamus alternatus'', the Japanese pine sawyer, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Frederick William Hope in 1842. It is known from Hong Kong, Vietnam, Laos, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, China, and Tai ...

'' Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle * '' Monochamus aparus'' (Jordan, 1903) * '' Monochamus asiaticus'' (Hayashi, 1962) * ''

Monochamus asper ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus atrocoeruleogriseus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Gilmour, 1956 * '' Monochamus balteatus'' Aurivillius, 1903 * '' Monochamus basifossulatus'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus basigranulatus'' Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus basilewskyi'' Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus benito'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus bialbomaculatus'' Breuning, 1948 * '' Monochamus bimaculatus'' Gahan, 1888 * '' Monochamus binigricollis'' Breuning, 1965 * '' Monochamus binigromaculatus'' Breuning, 1959 * ''

Monochamus blairi ''Monochamus blairi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936. They are native to Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America wi ...

'' (Breuning, 1936) * '' Monochamus bootangensis'' Breuning, 1947 * '' Monochamus borchmanni'' Breuning, 1959 * ''

Monochamus buquetii ''Monochamus buquetii'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are charact ...

'' (Thomson, 1858) ''tuberosus''/small> * ''

Monochamus burgeoni ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus camerunensis'' Aurivillius, 1903 * ''

Monochamus carolinensis ''Monochamus carolinensis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier in 1792. It is known from Canada and the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly k ...

'' (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer * ''

Monochamus clamator ''Monochamus clamator'', the spotted pine sawyer, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1852.

'' (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer * '' Monochamus conradti'' Breuning, 1961 * '' Monochamus convexicollis'' Gressitt, 1942 * '' Monochamus dayremi'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus densepunctatus'' Breuning, 1980 * ''

Monochamus dentator ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Fabricius, 1793) * '' Monochamus desperatus'' Thomson, 1857 * ''

Monochamus diores ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus dubius'' (Gahan, 1894) * ''

Monochamus fisheri ''Monochamus fisheri'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1944. It is known from Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in As ...

'' Breuning, 1944 * ''

Monochamus flavosignatus ''Monochamus flavosignatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are ch ...

'' Breuning, 1947 * '' Monochamus flavovittatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus foraminosus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * '' Monochamus foveatus'' Breuning, 1961 * '' Monochamus foveolatus'' Hintz, 1911 ''unicolor''/small> * '' Monochamus franzae'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus galloprovincialis'' (Olivier, 1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle * ''

Monochamus gardneri ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus R ...

'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus grandis'' Waterhouse, 1881 * ''

Monochamus granulipennis ''Monochamus granulipennis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are ch ...

'' Breuning, 1949 * '' Monochamus gravidus'' (Pascoe, 1858) * ''

Monochamus griseoplagiatus ''Monochamus griseoplagiatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1858. It is known from Sierra Leone and Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: Répub ...

'' Thomson, 1858 ''ochraceomaculatus''/small> * ''

Monochamus guerryi ''Monochamus guerryi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1903. It is known from Myanmar, China, and Thailand. It feeds on ''Pinus kesiya'', ''Castanea mollissima'', ''Malus pumila'', and ''Querc ...

'' Pic, 1903 * '' Monochamus guttulatus'' Gressitt, 1951 * '' Monochamus impluviatus'' Motschulsky, 1859 * '' Monochamus inexpectatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus irrorator'' (Chevrolat, 1855) ''plumbeus'', ''ruficornis''/small> * '' Monochamus itzingeri'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus jordani'' Nonfried, 1894 * '' Monochamus karlitzingeri'' Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015 * '' Monochamus kashitu'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus kaszabi'' Heyrovský, 1955 * ''

Monochamus kinabaluensis ''Monochamus kinabaluensis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl-Ernst Hüdepohl in 1996. It is known from Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest ...

'' Hüdepohl, 1996 * '' Monochamus kivuensis'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus laevis'' Jordan, 1903 * '' Monochamus lamottei'' Lepesme & Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus latefasciatus'' Breuning, 1944 * '' Monochamus lepesmei'' Breuning, 1956 * '' Monochamus lineolatus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus lunifer'' (Aurivillius, 1891) * '' Monochamus luteodispersus'' Pic, 1927 * '' Monochamus maculosus'' Haldeman, 1847 ''mutator''/small> – spotted pine sawyer * '' Monochamus marmorator'' Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer * '' Monochamus maruokai'' Hayashi, 1962 * '' Monochamus masaoi'' Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984 * '' Monochamus mausoni'' Breuning, 1950 * '' Monochamus mbai'' Lepesme & Breuning, 1953 * '' Monochamus mediomaculatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus melaleucus'' Jordan, 1903 * '' Monochamus mexicanus'' (Breuning, 1950) * '' Monochamus millegranus'' Bates, 1891 * '' Monochamus murinus'' (Gahan, 1888) * '' Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus'' Breuning, 1981 * ''

Monochamus nigromaculatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Gressitt, 1942 * '' Monochamus nigromaculicollis'' Breuning, 1974 * '' Monochamus nigroplagiatus'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus nigrovittatus ''Monochamus nigrovittatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938. It is known from Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the ...

'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus nitens ''Monochamus nitens'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825, in Leicester – 16 February 1892, in London) was an English naturalist and explorer who g ...

'' Bates, 1884 * '' Monochamus notatus'' (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer * '' Monochamus obtusus'' Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer * '' Monochamus ochreomarmoratus'' Breuning, 1960 * '' Monochamus ochreopunctatus'' Breuning, 1980 * '' Monochamus ochreosparsus'' Breuning, 1959 * '' Monochamus ochreosticticus'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus olivaceus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus omias'' Jordan, 1903 ''africanus''/small> * '' Monochamus pentagonus'' Báguena, 1952 * '' Monochamus pheretes'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * '' Monochamus philomenus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus pictor'' (Bates, 1884) * '' Monochamus principis'' Breuning, 1956 * '' Monochamus pseudotuberosus'' Breuning, 1936 * '' Monochamus quadriplagiatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus rectus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * '' Monochamus regularis'' (Aurivillius, 1924) * '' Monochamus reticulatus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus rhodesianus'' Gilmour, 1956 * '' Monochamus roveroi'' Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2015 * '' Monochamus rubiginosus'' Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2014 * '' Monochamus ruspator'' (Fabricius, 1781) * '' Monochamus saltuarius'' Gebler, 1830 – Sakhalin pine beetle * ''

Monochamus sargi ''Monochamus sargi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It is known from Mexico and Guatemala. References sargi ''Sargi'' is a 2017 Indian Punjabi language romantic drama film ...

'' (Bates, 1885) * '' Monochamus sartor'' (Fabricius, 1787) urussovii''">Monochamus_sartor_urussovii.html" ;"title="ncl. subspecies ''Monochamus sartor urussovii">urussovii''/small> – black fir sawyer * ''Monochamus scabiosus'' (Quedenfeldt, 1882) [= ''centralis] * ''Monochamus scutellatus'' (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyerSpruce Sawyer
Insects of Alberta * '' Monochamus semicirculus'' Báguena, 1952 * ''

Monochamus semigranulatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Pic, 1925) * '' Monochamus serratus'' (Gahan, 1906) * '' Monochamus shembaganurensis'' Breuning, 1979 * '' Monochamus similis'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus sparsutus ''Monochamus sparsutus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire Léon Marc Herminie Fairmaire (29 June 1820 – 1 April 1906) was a French entomologist. A specialist in Coleoptera he assembled an ...

'' Fairmaire, 1889 * '' Monochamus spectabilis'' (Perroud, 1855) * '' Monochamus strandi'' Breuning, 1939 * '' Monochamus stuhlmanni'' Kolbe, 1894 * '' Monochamus subconvexicollis'' Breuning, 1967 * '' Monochamus subcribrosus'' Breuning, 1950 * ''

Monochamus subfasciatus ''Monochamus subfasciatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1873. It is recorded from Japan where it infests Japanese red pine and is a vector of the nematode The nematodes ( or g ...

'' (Bates, 1873) ''fascioguttatus''/small> * '' Monochamus subgranulipennis'' Breuning, 1974 * '' Monochamus subtriangularis'' Breuning, 1971 * '' Monochamus sutor'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer * '' Monochamus taiheizanensis'' Mitono, 1943 * '' Monochamus talianus'' Pic, 1912 * '' Monochamus thoas'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * '' Monochamus thomsoni'' (Chevrolat, 1855) * '' Monochamus titillator'' (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer * ''

Monochamus tonkinensis ''Monochamus tonkinensis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1935. It is known from Vietnam and China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in E ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus transvaaliensis'' Gilmour, 1956 * '' Monochamus triangularis'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus tridentatus ''Monochamus tridentatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1833. It is known from Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madaga ...

'' Chevrolat, 1833 * '' Monochamus tropicalis'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * '' Monochamus vagus'' (Gahan, 1888) * '' Monochamus variegatus'' (Aurivillius, 1925) * ''

Monochamus verticalis ''Monochamus verticalis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire Léon Marc Herminie Fairmaire (29 June 1820 – 1 April 1906) was a French entomologist. A specialist in Coleoptera he assembled ...

'' (Fairmaire, 1901) * '' Monochamus villiersi'' Breuning, 1960 * '' Monochamus x-fulvum'' Bates, 1884

Gallery

File:Pine Sawyer beetle 1.jpg File:Pine Sawyer beetle 2.jpg File:Pine Sawyer 3.jpg Three pictures of two separate sawyers found in a planting of Scots pines in Kansas.

References

External links

* * *
"Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of ''Monochamus'' species"
{{Taxonbar , from=Q1755400 Lamiini