''Monochamus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

longhorn beetles The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than ...

found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e bore into dead or dying trees, especially

conifer Conifers are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single ...

The Free Dictionary ''The Free Dictionary'' is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources. Content The site cross-references the contents of ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', the '' ...

(TFD) (2008)
Genus Monochamus
Retrieved 23 March 2009. such as

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accep ...

s. They are the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the Monochamini, a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

in the huge long-horned beetle

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Lamiinae Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae Cerambycinae is a ...

, but typically included in the

Lamiini Lamiini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.Biolib.cz - Tribus Lamiini
Retrieved on 8 Sep ...

today. If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage. Some species are known to transport

phoretic Phoresis or phoresy is a non-permanent, commensalistic interaction in which one organism (a phoront or phoretic) attaches itself to another (the host) solely for the purpose of travel. Phoresis has been observed directly in ticks and mites s ...

'' Bursaphelenchus''

nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

s, including '' B. xylophilus'' which causes pine

wilt disease A wilt disease is any number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants. Attacks by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes can cause rapid killing of plants, large tree branches or even entire trees. Wilt diseases in woody plants tend to fal ...

Kansas State University Kansas State University (KSU, Kansas State, or K-State) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Manhattan, Kansas, United States. It was opened as the state's land-grant college in 1863 and was the first public instit ...

Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005)
Pine Wilt
. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

Taxonomy

The genus is very large, and its boundaries have varied considerably over time, with many species placed in this genus that have long since been removed, and species placed in other genera that have been added, and there are at least 20 subgenera presently recognized by most authorities.

Species

* '' Monochamus abruptus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * ''

Monochamus accri ''Monochamus accri'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characteri ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * ''

Monochamus adamitus ''Monochamus adamitus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1857. It is known from Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Angola, Ghana, Mozambique, the Ivory Coast, Senegal, the Democratic Republic of the Co ...

'' Thomson, 1857 * '' Monochamus affinis'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus alboapicalis ''Monochamus alboapicalis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are cha ...

'' (Pic, 1934) * ''

Monochamus alboscutellaris ''Monochamus alboscutellaris'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are ...

'' Breuning, 1977 * '' Monochamus alternatus'' Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle * ''

Monochamus aparus ''Monochamus aparus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl Jordan in 1903, originally under the genus ''Bixadus''. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Gabon Gabon (; ...

'' (Jordan, 1903) * ''

Monochamus asiaticus ''Monochamus asiaticus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are chara ...

'' (Hayashi, 1962) * '' Monochamus asper'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus atrocoeruleogriseus'' Gilmour, 1956 * ''

Monochamus balteatus ''Monochamus balteatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius (15 January 1843 – 20 July 1928) was a Swedish entomologist. Life Christophe ...

'' Aurivillius, 1903 * '' Monochamus basifossulatus'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus basigranulatus'' Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus basilewskyi'' Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus benito'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus bialbomaculatus'' Breuning, 1948 * '' Monochamus bimaculatus'' Gahan, 1888 * '' Monochamus binigricollis'' Breuning, 1965 * '' Monochamus binigromaculatus'' Breuning, 1959 * '' Monochamus blairi'' (Breuning, 1936) * '' Monochamus bootangensis'' Breuning, 1947 * ''

Monochamus borchmanni ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1959 * '' Monochamus buquetii'' (Thomson, 1858) ''tuberosus''/small> * '' Monochamus burgeoni'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus camerunensis'' Aurivillius, 1903 * ''

Monochamus carolinensis ''Monochamus carolinensis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier in 1792. It is known from Canada and the United States.

'' (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer * '' Monochamus clamator'' (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer * '' Monochamus conradti'' Breuning, 1961 * ''

Monochamus convexicollis ''Monochamus convexicollis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1942. It is known from China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the wor ...

'' Gressitt, 1942 * '' Monochamus dayremi'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus densepunctatus'' Breuning, 1980 * '' Monochamus dentator'' (Fabricius, 1793) * ''

Monochamus desperatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Thomson, 1857 * '' Monochamus diores'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus dubius'' (Gahan, 1894) * ''

Monochamus fisheri ''Monochamus fisheri'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1944. It is known from Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in As ...

'' Breuning, 1944 * '' Monochamus flavosignatus'' Breuning, 1947 * ''

Monochamus flavovittatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersTheFreeDictionary.com, The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2 ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus foraminosus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * '' Monochamus foveatus'' Breuning, 1961 * '' Monochamus foveolatus'' Hintz, 1911 ''unicolor''/small> * ''

Monochamus franzae ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * ''

Monochamus galloprovincialis ''Monochamus galloprovincialis'', the pine sawyer beetle, also referred to as the black pine sawyer beetle, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olivier in 1795, originally under the genus '' Cerambyx''. It has a ...

'' (Olivier, 1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle * '' Monochamus gardneri'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus grandis'' Waterhouse, 1881 * '' Monochamus granulipennis'' Breuning, 1949 * '' Monochamus gravidus'' (Pascoe, 1858) * '' Monochamus griseoplagiatus'' Thomson, 1858 ''ochraceomaculatus''/small> * '' Monochamus guerryi'' Pic, 1903 * '' Monochamus guttulatus'' Gressitt, 1951 * ''

Monochamus impluviatus ''Monochamus impluviatus'', the Siberian speckled sawyer, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1859. It is recorded from east of the Ural Mountains in Russia through to the Russian Far East, ...

'' Motschulsky, 1859 * '' Monochamus inexpectatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus irrorator'' (Chevrolat, 1855) ''plumbeus'', ''ruficornis''/small> * ''

Monochamus itzingeri ''Monochamus itzingeri'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1935. It is known from India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus jordani'' Nonfried, 1894 * '' Monochamus karlitzingeri'' Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015 * '' Monochamus kashitu'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus kaszabi'' Heyrovský, 1955 * '' Monochamus kinabaluensis'' Hüdepohl, 1996 * '' Monochamus kivuensis'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus laevis'' Jordan, 1903 * '' Monochamus lamottei'' Lepesme & Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus latefasciatus'' Breuning, 1944 * '' Monochamus lepesmei'' Breuning, 1956 * '' Monochamus lineolatus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus lunifer'' (Aurivillius, 1891) * '' Monochamus luteodispersus'' Pic, 1927 * '' Monochamus maculosus'' Haldeman, 1847 ''mutator''/small> – spotted pine sawyer * '' Monochamus marmorator'' Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer * ''

Monochamus maruokai ''Monochamus maruokai'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are charact ...

'' Hayashi, 1962 * '' Monochamus masaoi'' Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984 * '' Monochamus mausoni'' Breuning, 1950 * '' Monochamus mbai'' Lepesme & Breuning, 1953 * '' Monochamus mediomaculatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus melaleucus'' Jordan, 1903 * '' Monochamus mexicanus'' (Breuning, 1950) * '' Monochamus millegranus'' Bates, 1891 * '' Monochamus murinus'' (Gahan, 1888) * '' Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus'' Breuning, 1981 * '' Monochamus nigromaculatus'' Gressitt, 1942 * '' Monochamus nigromaculicollis'' Breuning, 1974 * '' Monochamus nigroplagiatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus nigrovittatus'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus nitens'' Bates, 1884 * ''

Monochamus notatus ''Monochamus notatus'', the northeastern pine sawyer or notable sawyer, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1773, originally under the genus ''Cerambyx''. It is known from Canada Canada is ...

'' (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer * '' Monochamus obtusus'' Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer * '' Monochamus ochreomarmoratus'' Breuning, 1960 * ''

Monochamus ochreopunctatus ''Monochamus ochreopunctatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are ...

'' Breuning, 1980 * '' Monochamus ochreosparsus'' Breuning, 1959 * ''

Monochamus ochreosticticus ''Monochamus ochreosticticus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are ...

'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus olivaceus ''Monochamus olivaceus'' is a species of beetle Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus omias'' Jordan, 1903 ''africanus''/small> * '' Monochamus pentagonus'' Báguena, 1952 * '' Monochamus pheretes'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * ''

Monochamus philomenus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus pictor'' (Bates, 1884) * '' Monochamus principis'' Breuning, 1956 * '' Monochamus pseudotuberosus'' Breuning, 1936 * '' Monochamus quadriplagiatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus rectus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * '' Monochamus regularis'' (Aurivillius, 1924) * '' Monochamus reticulatus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus rhodesianus'' Gilmour, 1956 * ''

Monochamus roveroi ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2015 * '' Monochamus rubiginosus'' Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2014 * '' Monochamus ruspator'' (Fabricius, 1781) * ''

Monochamus saltuarius ''Monochamus saltuarius'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1830. It has a wide distribution throughout Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own rig ...

'' Gebler, 1830 – Sakhalin pine beetle * '' Monochamus sargi'' (Bates, 1885) * '' Monochamus sartor'' (Fabricius, 1787) urussovii''.html" ;"title="Monochamus_sartor_urussovii.html" ;"title="ncl. subspecies ''Monochamus sartor urussovii">urussovii''">Monochamus_sartor_urussovii.html" ;"title="ncl. subspecies ''Monochamus sartor urussovii">urussovii''/small> – black fir sawyer * ''Monochamus scabiosus'' (Quedenfeldt, 1882) [= ''centralis] * ''Monochamus scutellatus'' (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyerSpruce Sawyer
Insects of Alberta * ''

Monochamus semicirculus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Báguena, 1952 * '' Monochamus semigranulatus'' (Pic, 1925) * ''

Monochamus serratus ''Monochamus serratus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1906. It is known from Malaysia.

'' (Gahan, 1906) * '' Monochamus shembaganurensis'' Breuning, 1979 * '' Monochamus similis'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus sparsutus'' Fairmaire, 1889 * ''

Monochamus spectabilis ''Monochamus spectabilis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Perroud in 1855, originally under the genus '' Lophoptera''. It has a wide distribution throughout Africa Africa is the world's second-lar ...

'' (Perroud, 1855) * ''

Monochamus strandi ''Monochamus strandi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939. It is known from Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, and the Ivory Coast Iv ...

'' Breuning, 1939 * ''

Monochamus stuhlmanni ''Monochamus stuhlmanni'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Kolbe in 1894. It is known from Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The cou ...

'' Kolbe, 1894 * '' Monochamus subconvexicollis'' Breuning, 1967 * '' Monochamus subcribrosus'' Breuning, 1950 * '' Monochamus subfasciatus'' (Bates, 1873) ''fascioguttatus''/small> * '' Monochamus subgranulipennis'' Breuning, 1974 * ''

Monochamus subtriangularis ''Monochamus subtriangularis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are ...

'' Breuning, 1971 * '' Monochamus sutor'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer * ''

Monochamus taiheizanensis ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Mitono, 1943 * '' Monochamus talianus'' Pic, 1912 * '' Monochamus thoas'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * ''

Monochamus thomsoni ''Monochamus thomsoni'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1855, originally under the genus ''Monohammus''. It has a wide distribution throughout Africa Africa is the world's second-large ...

'' (Chevrolat, 1855) * '' Monochamus titillator'' (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer * '' Monochamus tonkinensis'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus transvaaliensis'' Gilmour, 1956 * '' Monochamus triangularis'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus tridentatus'' Chevrolat, 1833 * '' Monochamus tropicalis'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * ''

Monochamus vagus ''Monochamus vagus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1888, originally under the genus '' Monohammus''. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It contains the varietas ...

'' (Gahan, 1888) * '' Monochamus variegatus'' (Aurivillius, 1925) * ''

Monochamus verticalis ''Monochamus verticalis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire Léon Marc Herminie Fairmaire (29 June 1820 – 1 April 1906) was a French entomologist. A specialist in Coleoptera he assembled an ...

'' (Fairmaire, 1901) * '' Monochamus villiersi'' Breuning, 1960 * '' Monochamus x-fulvum'' Bates, 1884

Gallery

File:Pine Sawyer beetle 1.jpg File:Pine Sawyer beetle 2.jpg File:Pine Sawyer 3.jpg Three pictures of two separate sawyers found in a planting of Scots pines in Kansas.

References

External links

* * *
"Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of ''Monochamus'' species"
{{Taxonbar , from=Q1755400 Lamiini