Monique Adolphe (23 July 1932,

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

– 27 June 2022, Paris,

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

) is a French scientist and researcher into the field of

cell biology Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and ...

. She was one of the pioneers of

cell culture Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. This te ...

''in vitro'' and its applications in

alternatives to animal testing Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffer ...

. She is an ''

Officier de la Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

'' and has received several other important decorations and distinctions (see below).

Biography

After her pharmacological internship at the

Hôtel-Dieu de Paris In French-speaking countries, a hôtel-Dieu ( en, hostel of God) was originally a hospital for the poor and needy, run by the Catholic Church. Nowadays these buildings or institutions have either kept their function as a hospital, the one in Paris b ...

under Jean Cheymol's supervision in the 1950s, Monique Adolphe orientated, in 1960, her researches in the field of

. With Paul Lechat she was an ardent advocate of alternative methods to

animal testing Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and ''in vivo'' testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This ...

by promoting the use of ''

in vitro ''In vitro'' (meaning in glass, or ''in the glass'') studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology an ...

'' techniques, while recognising the limits of these methods. Much of her research career has been devoted to the study of

cartilage Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue. In tetrapods, it covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints as articular cartilage, and is a structural component of many body parts including the rib cage, the neck an ...

and

chondrocyte Chondrocytes (, from Greek χόνδρος, ''chondros'' = cartilage + κύτος, ''kytos'' = cell) are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteog ...

biology. As Research Director of the Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology of the ''

École pratique des hautes études The École pratique des hautes études (), abbreviated EPHE, is a Grand Établissement in Paris, France. It is highly selective, and counted among France's most prestigious research and higher education institutions. It is a constituent college o ...

'' until 1997, she trained dozens of young scientists in cell culture methods. In 1986 she founded the ''Société de pharmaco-toxicologie cellulaire'' ("Society of Cellular Pharmaco-Toxicology") (SPTC). From 1990 to 1994 she was president of the ''École pratique des hautes études''. On 7 January 2009 she became Chair of the ''Académie Nationale de Pharmacie'' ("National Academy of Pharmacy") for one year—the first woman to hold this position since the Academy was created in 1803.

Honours

* Member of the

Académie Nationale de Médecine Situated at 16 Rue Bonaparte in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the Académie nationale de médecine (National Academy of Medicine) was created in 1820 by King Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the instituti ...

(elected 2001) * Honorary member of the National Academy of Pharmacy (elected in 1984, Honorary since 2002); Vice-President since March 2008; Chair since January 2009 * Honorary member of th
European Society for Toxicology in Vitro
* Foreign honorary member of the Académie royale de médecine de BelgiqueMonique Adolphe
on the website of the Académie royale de médecine de Belgique. * Honorary President of the Society of cellular pharmaco-toxicology * Honorary President of the European Society of tissue culture * Officier de la

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...

* Commander of the

Order of Merit The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by K ...

* Commandeur des

Palmes Académiques Palmes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Sir Brian Palmes, English landowner and politician *Sir Guy Palmes, English politician * Brian Palmes MP *Lieutenant General Francis Palmes Lieutenant-General Francis Palmes MP ( ...

Bibliography

''Translator's note: Many of these works are in French.'' *''Pharmacologie moléculaire'', Yves Cohen with Monique Adolphe (et al.), ed. Masson, 1978. *''Advances in Physiological Sciences'', Vol. 10: Chemotherapy, Monique Adolphe, Publisher: Franklin Book Company, Inc, 1979. . *''Culture de cellules animales'', Monique Adolphe and Georgia Barlovatz-Meimon, ed. INSERM, 1987. *''Méthodes in vitro en pharmaco-toxicologie'', Monique Adolphe and André Guillouzo, ed. INSERM, 1988, . *''Biological Regulations of the Chondrocytes'', Monique Adolphe, Publisher: CRC Pr Llc, 1992. . *''Culture de cellules animales'', Georgia Barlovatz-Meimon and Monique Adolphe, ed. INSERM, 2003. .

References

''Translator's note: These are in French.''

External links

''Translator's note: These are in French.''
Monique Adolphe sur le site officiel de l'Académie nationale de pharmacie
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adolphe, Monique Scientists from Paris Living people French women biologists French pharmacologists 1932 births Officers of the Legion of Honour Academic staff of the École pratique des hautes études Commanders of the Ordre national du Mérite Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques Women pharmacologists University of Paris alumni