Moni Naor ( he, מוני נאור) is an

Israeli Israeli may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the State of Israel * Israelis, citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel * Modern Hebrew, a language * ''Israeli'' (newspaper), published from 2006 to 2008 * Guni Israeli ...

computer scientist A computer scientist is a person who is trained in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (al ...

, currently a professor at the

Weizmann Institute of Science The Weizmann Institute of Science ( he, מכון ויצמן למדע ''Machon Vaitzman LeMada'') is a public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, 14 years before the State of Israel. It differs from other Israeli unive ...

. Naor received his Ph.D. in 1989 at the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

. His advisor was

Manuel Blum Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and ...

. He works in various fields of

computer science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...

, mainly the foundations of

cryptography Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or ''-logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adver ...

. He is notable for initiating research on public key systems secure against

chosen ciphertext attack A chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the cryptanalyst can gather information by obtaining the decryptions of chosen ciphertexts. From these pieces of information the adversary can attempt to recover the hidd ...

and creating non-malleable cryptography,

visual cryptography Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted information appears as a visual image. One of the best-known techniques has been credited to M ...

(with

Adi Shamir Adi Shamir ( he, עדי שמיר; born July 6, 1952) is an Israeli cryptographer. He is a co-inventor of the Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm (along with Ron Rivest and Len Adleman), a co-inventor of the Feige–Fiat–Shamir identificat ...

), and suggesting various methods for verifying that users of a computer system are human (leading to the notion of

CAPTCHA A CAPTCHA ( , a contrived acronym for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human. The term was coined in 2003 ...

). His research on Small-bias sample space, give a general framework for combining small k-wise independent spaces with small

\epsilon

-biased spaces to obtain

\delta

-almost k-wise independent spaces of small size. In 1994 he was the first, with

Amos Fiat Amos Fiat (born December 1, 1956) is an Israeli computer scientist, a professor of computer science at Tel Aviv University. He is known for his work in cryptography, online algorithms, and algorithmic game theory. Biography Fiat earned his Ph. ...

, to formally study the problem of practical

broadcast encryption Broadcast encryption is the cryptographic problem of delivering encrypted content (e.g. TV programs or data on DVDs) over a broadcast channel in such a way that only qualified users (e.g. subscribers who have paid their fees or DVD players conformin ...

. Along with Benny Chor, Amos Fiat, and Benny Pinkas, he made a contribution to the development of

Traitor tracing Traitor tracing schemes help trace the source of leaks when secret or proprietary data is sold to many customers. In a traitor tracing scheme, each customer is given a different personal decryption key. (Traitor tracing schemes are often combined ...

, a

copyright infringement Copyright infringement (at times referred to as piracy) is the use of works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, s ...

detection system which works by tracing the source of leaked files rather than by direct

copy protection Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, describes measures to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media. Copy protection is most commonly found on ...

Bibliography

* Cynthia Dwork, Jeff Lotspiech and Moni Naor, ''Digital Signets: Self-Enforcing Protection of Digital Information.'' * Dalit Naor, Moni Naor and Jeff Lotspiech, ''Revocation and Tracing Schemes for Stateless Receivers.'' * David Chaum, Amos Fiat and Moni Naor, ''Untraceable Electronic Cash,'' 1990''.'' * Amos Fiat and Moni Naor, ''Implicit O(1) Probe Search,'' SIAM J. Computing 22: 1-10 (1993). * Amos Fiat and Moni Naor, ''Broadcast Encryption,'' 1994''.'' * Moni Naor and Benny Pinkas, ''Threshold Traitor Tracing'', Crypto 98. * Moni Naor and Benny Pinkas, ''Efficient Trace and Revoke Schemes'', FC'2000. * Benny Chor, Amos Fiat, Moni Naor and Benny Pinkas, ''Tracing Traitors'', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 46(3), pp. 893-910, 2000.

Honors and awards

* 2022: The 30-year Test-of-Time STOC Award for his 1991 STOC paper “Non-Malleable Cryptography” (with

Cynthia Dwork Cynthia Dwork (born June 27, 1958) is an American computer scientist at Harvard University, where she is Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science, Radcliffe Alumnae Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and Affiliated Professo ...

and

Danny Dolev Daniel (Danny) Dolev is an Israeli computer scientist known for his research in cryptography and distributed computing. He holds the Berthold Badler Chair in Computer Science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is a member of the scientific c ...

) * 2022:

RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics RSA may refer to: Organizations Academia and education * Rabbinical Seminary of America, a yeshiva in New York City *Regional Science Association International (formerly the Regional Science Association), a US-based learned society *Renaissance S ...

(with

) * 2016: The

Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award The Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award is granted yearly by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to honor "specific theoretical accomplishments that have had a significant and demonstrable effect on the practice of computing". It wa ...

of the

Association for Computing Machinery The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a US-based international learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. The ACM is a non-profit professional member ...

(with

) * 2014: The

Gödel Prize The Gödel Prize is an annual prize for outstanding papers in the area of theoretical computer science, given jointly by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) and the Association for Computing Machinery Special Inter ...

(with co-authors) * 2008: Named an IACR fellow

References

Sources

Moni Naor's website at the Weizmann Institute

Verification of a human in the loop or Identification via the Turing Test

Visual Cryptography
*

Israeli computer scientists Israeli cryptographers University of California, Berkeley alumni Weizmann Institute of Science faculty Theoretical computer scientists Researchers in distributed computing Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni People from Haifa Living people 1961 births International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows Gödel Prize laureates {{Israel-scientist-stub