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The Mongolian
nobility Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many e ...
( Mongolian: ; ''yazgurtan; survaljtan'') arose between the 10th and 12th centuries, became prominent in the 13th century, and essentially governed
Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
until the early 20th century. The Mongolian word for nobility, ''Yazgurtan'', derives from the Mongol word ''yazgur'', meaning "root".


Mongol Empire (1206–1368) and Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)


Nobility titles

* ''Khaan'' (''
Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...
'', ), the supreme ruler of the
Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...
. * ''Noyon'' (), meaning "King of a State", a ruler of a vassal/tributary state under the Mongol Empire. * '' Jonon'' (), meaning "Crown Prince", the heir apparent of the Great Khaan. During the
Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
, the ''Jonon'' resided in Kharakhorum and administered ceremonial events. * ''Khan Khuu'' (), meaning "Prince". * ''
Mirza Mirza may refer to: * Mirza, Kamrup, town in Assam, India * Mirza (name), historical royal title & noble * ''Mirza'', the genus of giant mouse lemur * "Mirza", song by Nino Ferrer * ''Mirza – The Untold Story'', Punjabi action romance film wri ...
'' , a Persian term meaning "Prince".


Military ranks

* ''Tumetu-iin
Noyan ''Noyan'' (pl. noyad), or ''Toyon'', was a Central Asian title of authority which was used to refer to civil-military leaders of noble ancestry in the Central Asian Turkic Khanates with origins in ''Noyon'', which was used as a title of autho ...
'', meaning "Commander of a '' Tümen''". A ''tümen'' was a military unit of 10,000 troops. There were initially only nine ''tümen''s in the Mongol Empire in 1206, but by 1368 there were 40 Mongol ''tümen''s and four Oirat ''tümen''s. * ''Mingghan-u Noyan'' , meaning "Commander of a ''
Mingghan Mingghan was a social-military unit of 1,000 households created by Genghis Khan. From this group could be recruited a Mongol regiment of 1,000 men. It is part of the ancient method of organization developed by the nomads of Central Asia based on the ...
''". A ''mingghan'' was a military unit of 1,000 troops. * ''Jagutu-iin Darga'' , meaning "Commander of a ''Zuut''". A ''zuut'' was a military unit of 100 troops. * ''Arban-u Darga'' , meaning "Commander of an ''Aravt''". An ''aravt'' was a military unit of 10 troops. * ''Cherbi'', a title for a
Kheshig Kheshig ( Mongolian: Khishig, Keshik, Khishigten for "favored", "blessed") were the imperial guard for Mongol royalty in the Mongol Empire, particularly for rulers like Genghis Khan and his wife Börte. Their primary purpose was to act as bodyguards ...
commander. * '' Beg'' , a Turkic term meaning "Chieftain".


Female titles

* ''
Khatun Khatun ( Mongolian: хатан; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣, katun; ota, خاتون, hatun or قادین ''kadın''; fa, خاتون ''khātūn''; ; hi, ख़ातून ') is a female title of nobility and counterpart to " khan" or " Khagan" promine ...
'' (; 可敦), meaning "Empress" or "Queen". * ''
Begum Begum (also begüm, bagum, begom, begam, baigum or beygum) is a royal and aristocratic title from Central and South Asia. It is the feminine equivalent of the title ''baig'' or '' bey'', which in Turkic languages means "higher official". It us ...
'' or ''Behi'' (别姬), referred to a noble lady, a Turkic term used to refer to the wife or daughter of a ''
bey Bey ( ota, بك, beğ, script=Arab, tr, bey, az, bəy, tk, beg, uz, бек, kz, би/бек, tt-Cyrl, бәк, translit=bäk, cjs, пий/пек, sq, beu/bej, sh, beg, fa, بیگ, beyg/, tg, бек, ar, بك, bak, gr, μπέης) is ...
''. * ''Gonji'' (; 公主), referred to a princess or noble lady.


Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)


Nobility titles

* ''Khaan'' (''
Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...
''), the supreme ruler of the Northern Yuan Empire. * ''Khan'', a title for a Mongol feudal lord. By the mid-16th century, there were a number of ''khan''s in Mongolia as local feudal lords started calling themselves ''khan''. Note that this ''khan'' is different from ''khaan''; ''khaan'' was reserved for the supreme ruler only. * ''Jinong'' (, the crown prince or heir apparent of the ''Khaan''. He resided in the
Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...
region. From the 15th century, the title became a hereditary one and was no longer reserved exclusively for the heir apparent of the ''Khaan''. * ''
Khong Tayiji Khong Tayiji ( mn, , хун тайж; ), also spelled Qong Tayiji, was a title of the Mongols, derived from the Chinese term ''Huangtaizi'' (皇太子; "crown prince"). At first it also meant crown prince in the Mongolian language. It was original ...
'' (;, originated from the Chinese term ''huangtaizi'' (皇太子; "Imperial Crown Prince"). It was used to refer to a descendant of
Genghis Khan ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...
who had his own
fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...
. * ''
Taiji Tai chi (), short for Tai chi ch'üan ( zh, s=太极拳, t=太極拳, first=t, p=Tàijíquán, labels=no), sometimes called " shadowboxing", is an internal Chinese martial art practiced for defense training, health benefits and meditation. T ...
'' (;), a title for a descendant of Genghis Khan. * ''Wang'', a title for a descendant of
Qasar Qasar (also spelled Hasar or Khasar, and also known as Jo'chi Qasar; Mongolian: Жочи Хасар) was one of Genghis Khan's three full brothers. According to the ''Jami' al-Tawarikh'', his given name was Jo'chi and he got the nickname Khasar ...
or any of Genghis Khan's brothers who had his own fief. * ''Taishi'' (;
Grand Preceptor Grand Preceptor, also referred to as Grand Master, Section Cp2:192 C was the senior-most of the top three civil positions of the Chinese Zhou dynasty. The other two were Grand Tutor (太傅) and Grand Protector (太保), respectively. These three p ...
), a title for a noble of non- Borjigit descent who had his own fief. Such nobles included the descendants of ''Tumetu-iin
Noyan ''Noyan'' (pl. noyad), or ''Toyon'', was a Central Asian title of authority which was used to refer to civil-military leaders of noble ancestry in the Central Asian Turkic Khanates with origins in ''Noyon'', which was used as a title of autho ...
''s.


Female titles

* ''Taihu'', the ''Khaans consort. * ''
Khatun Khatun ( Mongolian: хатан; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣, katun; ota, خاتون, hatun or قادین ''kadın''; fa, خاتون ''khātūn''; ; hi, ख़ातून ') is a female title of nobility and counterpart to " khan" or " Khagan" promine ...
'' , referred to a queen consort or noble lady of equivalent status. * ''Gonji'', referred to a princess or noble lady of equivalent status. * ''Behichi'' (''Beiji''), referred to a princess consort or noble lady of equivalent status.


Qing dynasty (1691–1911) and Bogd Khaganate (1911–1924)


Nobility titles

* ''Khan'' (Хаан), referred to the lord of a '' hoshun''. Note that this title is of a lower status than the ''Khaan'' or ''
Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...
'' used in earlier times. Among the
Khalkha Mongols The Khalkha ( Mongolian: mn, Халх, Halh, , zh, 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin khan ...
, there were four ''khan''s: Tushietu Khan, Zasagtu Khan, Secen Khan and Sain Noyan Khan. In the Kobdo region, there were two ''khan''s: Tögs Hülüg Dalai Khan and Ünen Zorigtu Khan. Despite the association of the four
aimag An aimag (, ; xal, әәмг, ), originally a Mongolian word meaning 'tribe', is an administrative subdivision in Mongolia, Russia, and in the Inner Mongolia region of China. Mongolia In Mongolia, an aimag is the first-level administrative ...
s with these titles, the ''khans power was restricted to only within his ''hoshun''. The ''khan'' would communicate with the
Qing Emperor The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) was a Manchu-led imperial Chinese dynasty and the last orthodox dynasty of China. It was officially founded in 1636 in what is now Northeast China, but only succeeded the Ming dynasty in China proper in 1644. The Qi ...
just as any other ''hoshun'' lord. * ''Ashan-i hafan'' (男爵; equivalent of
baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knig ...
), a special title awarded to foreigners (e.g. Alexander Zanzer I) during the reign of
Bogd Khan Bogd Khan, , ; ( – 20 May 1924) was the khan of the Bogd Khaganate from 1911 to 1924, following the state's ''de facto'' independence from the Qing dynasty of China after the Xinhai Revolution. Born in Tibet, he was the third most importa ...
. The baron drew an annual income of 3,500
tael Tael (),"Tael" entry
at the
here Here is an adverb that means "in, on, or at this place". It may also refer to: Software * Here Technologies, a mapping company * Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps), a mobile app and map website by Here Technologies, Here Television * Here TV (form ...
for details.) These titles were usually hereditary, and were decorated with styles to form a longer title (e.g. ''
Khorchin The Khorchin ( mn, Хорчин, ''Horçin''; ''Qorčin''; ) are a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China. History The Ming dynasty gave Borjigin p ...
Jasagh A jasagh ( засаг, or засаг ноён; ; lit. Power, Authority) was the head of a Mongol banner or khoshun during the Qing dynasty and the Bogd Khanate. The position was held by hereditary succession by certain Mongol princes, most of whom ...
Darhan Chin-Wang'' 科爾沁扎薩克達爾罕親王) to indicate which ''hoshun'' the noble was from. * ''Chin Wang'' ( 親王), referred to the lord of a ''hoshun''. A ''chin wang'' drew an annual income of 2,600 taels of silver and 40 rolls of silk, and owned 60 slaves. * ''Giyün Wang'' ( 郡王), referred to the lord of a ''hoshun''. A ''giyün wang'' drew an annual income of 1,200–2,000 taels of silver and 15–25 rolls of silk, and owned 50 slaves. * ''Beile'' ( 貝勒), referred to the lord of a ''hoshun''. A ''beile'' drew an annual income of 600 taels of silver and 13 rolls of silk, and owned 40 slaves. * ''Beis'' ( 貝子), referred to the lord of a ''hoshun''. A ''beis'' drew an annual income of 500 taels of silver and 10 rolls of silk. * ''Tushiye Gong'' ( 鎮國公), referred to the lord of a ''hoshun''. A ''tushiye gong'' drew an annual income of 300 taels of silver and nine rolls of silk. * ''Tusalagchi Gong'' ( 輔國公), referred to the lord of a ''hoshun''. A ''tusalagchi gong'' drew an annual income of 200 taels of silver and seven rolls of silk. * ''Hohi Taiji'' ( 台吉) referred