The monarchs of Brazil (

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

: ''monarcas do Brasil'') were the imperial

heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 "he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and le ...

and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the

House of Braganza The Most Serene House of Braganza ( pt, Sereníssima Casa de Bragança), also known as the Brigantine Dynasty (''Dinastia Brigantina''), is a dynasty of emperors, kings, princes, and dukes of Portuguese origin which reigned in Europe and the Ame ...

that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy in 1815 as a constituent kingdom of the

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil w ...

until the republican coup d'état that overthrew the

Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pe ...

in 1889.Bandeira, Moniz. ''Casa da Torre de Garcia d'Avila''. Editora Record, 2000, pp. 423–425 The coast of the territory which would become known as Brazil was first explored by Portuguese navigators on 22 April 1500. This territory was subsequently colonized by the Portuguese crown. Since the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1808, colonial rule had de facto ended. On 16 December 1815, Prince Regent John, the future king John VI, raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother,

Maria I Dom (title), Dona Maria I (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) was Queen of Portugal from 24 February 1777 until her death in 1816. Known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil, she was the first undisputed queen regnant of Por ...

, the reigning queen, the first monarch of Brazil. The next year, 20 March 1816, John succeeded his mother as king of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy. Having proclaimed independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from Portugal in 1822, Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, deposed along with the 74-years-old monarchy on 15 November 1889 in a bloodless and unpopular military coup d'état.

Title

From 16 December 1815 to 7 September 1822, while the

Kingdom of Brazil The Kingdom of Brazil ( pt, Reino do Brasil) was a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. Creation The legal entity of the Kingdom of Brazil was created by a law issued by Prince Regent John of Portu ...

was in union with the

Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal ( la, Regnum Portugalliae, pt, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also kno ...

, the monarch's full title and styles were, according to tradition and the United Kingdom's 1822 Constitution: ''By the Grace of God, King/Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.''Amaral, Manuel
"João VI"
In: ''Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico'', Volume III, 2000–2010, pp. 1051–1055. In Portuguese. From 12 October 1822 to 15 November 1889, as the independent

, the country's monarch's full title were: ''By Grace of God and Unanimous Acclamation of the People, Constitutional Emperor/Empress and Perpetual Defender of Brazil''. It's worth noting that from a short period of time, between 15 November 1825 and 10 March 1826, according to the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, by which Portugal recognized Brazilian independence, it was granted to King John VI the

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

of Emperor of Brazil, while his son was the actual reigning emperor. From the treaty's date to his death John VI used the title: ''By the Grace of God, John VI, Emperor of Brazil, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.''

Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)

House of Avis Brazil is discovered by Portuguese navigators on April 22, 1500, and becomes a Portuguese colony. , life6 = 7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557 (aged 55) , reignstart6 = 13 December 1521 , reignend6 = 11 June 1557 , notes6 = Son of Manuel I , family6 = Aviz
House_of_Aviz_(transparent)

, image6 = D. João III - Cristóvão Lopes (attrib).png , name7 =

Sebastian I Sebastian ( pt, Sebastião I ; 20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578) was King of Portugal from 11 June 1557 to 4 August 1578 and the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the House of Aviz. He was the son of João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, and ...

, nickname7 = The Desired; The Asleep; The Sleeper; The Sleeping Hero; The Sleeping King; The Virgin King; The Hidden; The Crusader , native7 = pt, Sebastião I , life7 = 20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578 (aged 24) , reignstart7 = 11 June 1557 , reignend7 = 4 August 1578 , notes7 = Grandson of John III , family7 = Aviz
House_of_Aviz_(transparent)

, image7 = Sebastian, King of Portugal (c. 1565) - attributed to Cristóvão de Morais.png , name8 =

Henry I Henry I may refer to: 876–1366 * Henry I the Fowler, King of Germany (876–936) * Henry I, Duke of Bavaria (died 955) * Henry I of Austria, Margrave of Austria (died 1018) * Henry I of France (1008–1060) * Henry I the Long, Margrave of the No ...

, nickname8 = The Chaste; The Cardinal; The Cardinal-King , native8 = pt, Henrique I , life8 = 31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580 (aged 68) , reignstart8 = 4 August 1578 , reignend8 = 31 January 1580 , notes8 = Son of Manuel I
Brother of John III
Great-uncle of Sebastian , family8 = Aviz
House_of_Aviz_(transparent)

, image8 = Henrique o Rei.jpg , name9 = Anthony I , nickname9 = The

Prior of Crato The Prior of Crato (''Prior do Crato''), was the traditional title given to the head of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Hospitaller) in Portugal. It is a reference to the domains of the order around Crato, Portugal. The Port ...

; The Determined; The Fighter; The Resistant; The Independentist , native9 = pt, António I , life9 = 1531 – 28 August 1595 (aged 64) , reignstart9 = (''Disputed'') 24 July 1580 , reignend9 = (''Disputed'') 1583 , notes9 = Grandson of Manuel I
Nephew of Henry I , family9 = Aviz
House_of_Aviz_(transparent)

, image9 = Anthony I of Portugal.jpg House of Habsburg The

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

, known as the Philippine Dynasty, is the house that ruled Portugal from 1581 to 1640. The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the

Portuguese Cortes In the Medieval Kingdom of Portugal, the Cortes was an assembly of representatives of the estates of the realm – the nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie. It was called and dismissed by the King of Portugal at will, at a place of his choosing.O'Ca ...

Tomar Tomar (), also known in English as Thomar (the ancient name of Tomar), is a city and a municipality in the Santarém district of Portugal. The town proper has a population of about 20,000. The municipality population in 2011 was 40,677, in an a ...

. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under the personal union known as the

Iberian Union pt, União Ibérica , conventional_long_name =Iberian Union , common_name = , year_start = 1580 , date_start = 25 August , life_span = 1580–1640 , event_start = War of the Portuguese Succession , event_end = Portuguese Restoration War , ...

. , life5 = 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598 (aged 71) , reignstart5 = 17 April 1581 , reignend5 = 13 September 1598 , notes5 = Grandson of Manuel I
Nephew of Henry I , family5 =

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

, image5 = 19- Rei D. Filipe I - O Prudente.jpg , alt5 = King Philip I , name6 =

Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...

, nickname6 = The Pious , native6 = pt, Filipe II , life6 = 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621 (aged 42) , reignstart6 = 13 September 1598 , reignend6 = 31 March 1621 , notes6 = Son of Philip I , family6 =

, image6 = Rey Felipe III.jpg , alt6 = King Philip II , name7 = Philip III , nickname7 = The Great; The Tyrant; The Oppressor , native7 = pt, Filipe III , life7 = 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665 (aged 60) , reignstart7 = 31 March 1621 , reignend7 = 1 December 1640 , notes7 = Son of Philip II , family7 =

, image7 = Philip IV of Spain.jpg , alt7 = King Philip II House of Braganza The

, also known as the Brigantine Dynasty, came to power in 1640, when John II, Duke of Braganza, claimed to be the rightful heir of the defunct House of Aviz, as he was the great great grandson of King Manuel I. John was proclaimed King John IV, and he deposed the House of Habsburg in the

Portuguese Restoration War The Portuguese Restoration War ( pt, Guerra da Restauração) was the war between History of Portugal (1640–1777), Portugal and Habsburg Spain, Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon (1668), ...

. , life1 = 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656 (aged 53) , reignstart1 = 1 December 1640 , reignend1 = 6 November 1656 , notes1 = Great-great-grandson of Manuel I , family1 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image1 = Joao IV.jpg , name2 = Afonso VI , nickname2 = The Victorious , native2 = , life2 = 21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683 (aged 40) , reignstart2 = 6 November 1656 , reignend2 = 12 September 1683 , notes2 = Son of John IV , family2 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image2 = Afonso VI, Rei de Portugal.JPG , name3 = Peter II , nickname3 = The Pacific , native3 = pt, Pedro II , life3 = 26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706 (aged 58) , reignstart3 = 6 November 1683 , reignend3 = 9 December 1706 , notes3 = Son of John IV
Brother of Afonso VI , family3 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image3 = Peter II of Portugal engraving.jpg , name4 =

John V John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 * J ...

, nickname4 = The Magnanimous; The Magnificent; The Generous; The Most Faithful King; The Nuns' Lover; The Portuguese Sun-King , native4 = pt, João V , life4 = 22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750 (aged 60) , reignstart4 = 9 December 1706 , reignend4 = 31 July 1750 , notes4 = Son of Peter II , family4 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image4 = John V of Portugal Pompeo Batoni.jpg , name5 =

Joseph I Joseph I or Josef I may refer to: *Joseph I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1266–1275 and 1282–1283 *Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1678–1711) *Joseph I (Chaldean Patriarch) (reigned 1681–1696) *Joseph I of Portugal (1750–1777) ...

, nickname5 = The Reformer , native5 = pt, José I , life5 = 6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777 (age 62) , reignstart5 = 31 July 1750 , reignend5 = 24 February 1777 , notes5 = Son of John V , family5 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image5 = Retrato D. José - Mafra.jpg , name6 =

Mary I Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain from January 1556 until her death in 1558. Sh ...

, nickname6 = The Pious; The Mad , native6 = pt, Maria I , life6 = – , reignstart6 = 24 February 1777 , reignend6 = 20 March 1816 , notes6 = Daughter of Joseph I , family6 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image6 = Retrato da Rainha D. Maria I - J.B. Gerard.png

Kingdom of Brazil (1815–1822)

The house of Braganza continued to rule over Brazil, and on 16 December 1815, the Prince Regent John, the future king John VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning Queen, the first Monarch of Brazil. The next year, 20 March 1816, John succeeded his mother as King of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy. , life2 = 13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 (aged 58) , reignstart2 = 20 March 1816 , reignend2 = 7 September 1822 , notes2 = Son of Maria I of Portugal and Brazil , family2 = Braganza
Brasao-Brigantina

, image2 = Domingos Sequeira - D. João VI.jpg

Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)

The house of Braganza continued to rule over Brazil after Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first Emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822, having proclaimed the independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from Portugal. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, the last monarch of Brazil. Pedro II of Brazil, reigned 49 years in fact or 58 years if the regency period is considered.

References

External links

Monarchs of Brazil (1815–1889)
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Brazilian Monarchs

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

Monarchs A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in ...